河道基本生态需水的年内展布计算法  

A new calculation method of instream basic ecological water demand

作　　者：潘扎荣[1] 阮晓红[1] 徐静[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学与工程学院水科学系,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《水利学报》2013年第1期119-126,共8页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益性行业专项(201001015);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07204-003);水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室开放研究基金(2010490111)

摘　　要：基于河流天然径流的变化特征和生态水文过程对径流的年内动态需求,提出了一种新的河道基本生态需水计算方法——生态需水年内展布计算法。该方法选取河流天然径流过程的特征变量来确定与量化同期均值比,并结合多年月均径流过程进行河道基本生态需水量的年内过程计算,弥补了传统水文学法以多年平均径流量的特定百分率或者天然径流量频率曲线上的特定保证率作为水文指标进行生态需水量计算的不足。以淮河干流的河道基本生态需水量年内过程计算为例,并同时与Tennant法、最小月均径流过程作对比。计算结果表明:在Tennant法的评价标准中所对应的河道状态与河道基本生态需水概念界定的生态功能目标相一致,并较好地体现了河流天然径流的年内丰枯变化过程,能够满足河流生态功能目标对径流的实际需求。本文方法计算结果较为合理,符合实际情况。Hydrological analysis is an indispensable instrument for river ecological water requirement study. Based on the changing characteristics of natural runoff and eco-hydrological processes on runoff dynamic demand, this paper puts forward a new calculation method of instream basic ecological water demand, called the dynamic calculation method of ecological water demand. This method determines and computes percent of the average flow in the same periods based on the feature variables of natural runoff process, avoiding the shortage that traditional hydrological method putted the specific percentage of average annual runoff or specific guarantee rate of frequency curve of natural runoff as hydrological index to calculate instream ecological water demand. This paper selected the Huaihe River as a case study site. With the comparison of Tennant method and minimum monthly runoff, the calculated river ecological state corresponding to the evaluation standard of the revised Tennant method is consistent with the ecological function target of instream basic ecological water demand. At the same time, calculation results are able to reflect the intra-annual change process of natural runoff. So, the calculated results of this new method are reasonable, and tally with the actual situation.

关 键 词：河道生态需水 生态需水年内展布计算法 同期均值比 淮河干流 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]