中型/年民营企业的弱势:企业规模、年龄和商政关系  

The Liability of Middleness:Size,Age and Business-Government Networking in China

作　　者：张建君[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学光华管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《经济管理》2013年第2期41-51,共11页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"企业社会责任与政治行为的关系及前因后果研究"(71172022);国家自然科学基金项目"中国企业领导的个人特征;成长模式及对企业的影响"(71032001)

摘　　要：本文研究了中国情境下的民营企业规模和年龄对"企业-政府"关系即商政关系的影响。先前的研究认为,小型和年轻的企业更依赖于商政关系,但本研究揭示了民营企业规模和年龄与商政关系之间的倒U型曲线关系。也就是说,中型和中年民营企业在商政关系方面更为积极。这一发现揭示了中等规模和年龄民营企业所面临的不利情境,本文称其为"中型/年企业的弱势"。中型/年民营企业的弱势源于并反映了中国转型期间制度环境的"亚努斯"两面性:政府官员既有发展导向,又有寻租动机。规模和年龄与企业的市场位置、发展雄心、脆弱性和组织资源冗余紧密相联,因而影响企业参与商政关系活动的必要性和可行性。This paper investigates the impact of the size/age of firms upon business-government networking in China. While literature on corporate political strategy in the West generally finds that large firms are more active, scholars who study Chinese firms suggest that small and young firms are more likely to cultivate business-government networking. The inconsistent and conflicting results, based on my point of view, are largely due to the lack of fine- grained examination of the association between firm size/age and business-government networking, and the lack of detailed analysis of the institutional constraints that firms with different sizes/ages face. This paper thus analyzes institutional parameters that different firms in China face and conducts a fine-grained analysis on the relationship between firm size/age and business-government networking, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative empirical evi-dence. The paper has six parts besides the introduction. The paper first analyzes the institutional characteristics during China＇ s transition by portraying Chinese government （officials） as a clear Janus-faced feature ： on the one hand, government （officials） have strong developmental orientation because of administrative/fiscal decentralization reform and political incentives for promotion, while at the same time rent-seeking is prevalent. Such institutional characteristics provide different opportunities and constraints for firms with different sizes/ages. Then the paper summarizes the qualitative evidence on the association between firm size/age and business-government networking. The basic finding is that large firms are institutionally well protected given the developmental orientation of govern-research position, ambition, vulnerability, and describes the sample, variables and measurements. were business owners or general managers, who are organizational slack-to form hypotheses. Next, the paper What needs to be emphasized is that 86. 3% of the respondents qualified to provide accurate informati

关 键 词：中型 年企业的弱势 企业规模 企业年龄 商政关系 “亚努斯”两面性 

分 类 号：F270[经济管理—企业管理]