干旱区井工开采煤矿山生态水文地质演化研究——以鄂尔多斯某煤矿为例  

Study on eco-hydrogeological evolution in underground mining coal of arid areas:Taking the coal mine in Ordos as the example

作　　者：董少刚[1] 贾志斌[1] 刘白薇[1] 王治轶[1] 吴丁丁[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学环境与资源学院,呼和浩特市010021

出　　处：《工程勘察》2013年第2期45-48,共4页Geotechnical Investigation & Surveying

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41002129);教育部春晖计划(Z2009-1-01006);国家大学生创新性实验计划(101012616);内蒙古大学高层次人才引进科研基金(Z20090129)

摘　　要：强烈人工干预下的水文地质系统变化正使全球局部或区域生态系统功能发生急剧的改变。以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市某煤矿沉降核心区为研究对象,以1992年和2007年同一水文地质剖面数据为基础,对由于煤矿开采导致的地下水流动系统和地表植被的更替演化进行观测分析。结果表明,随着地下水的疏干及煤层开采范围的扩大,地表沉陷区地下水流动系统的补、径、排特点发生明显变化,沉降中心潜水位埋深由原来的0～5m增大到0～12m。原地下水的排泄区(季节性湖泊)演化为补给区,地表植被也由以喜水耐盐的碱蓬、苔草为主转化为以芨芨草和沙蒿为主。潜水位的下降使地表植被的盖度大幅减少,以K82-L3一线为中心,由1992年的28%降到2007年的13%,总体上地表植被覆盖度朝恶化方向发展。The hydrogeological system changes under the strong human intervention result in the dramatic changes of the local or regional ecosystem functions in the global. Taking the core subsidence area of the coal mine in Ordos as the study object and based on the data from the same hydrogeological section in 1992 and 2007, the groundwater flow system and vegetation replacement evolution which caused by the coal mining were observed and analyzed. The results showed that with the groundwater dewatering and the expansion of coal mining area, the recharge, runoff and discharge characteristics in the groundwater flow systems changed significantly in the subsidence area, and the phreatic water tables in the settlement center changed from the original depth 0 ~ 5m to the depth 0 - 12m. The original groundwater discharge zones （seasonal lake） evolved into the recharge zone, and the vegetations also evolved from Suaeda grass and Mosses into Achnatherum splendens （Trin） Nevski and Aordosica. The vegetation cover greatly reduced with the decline of the phreatic level, taking line K82 -L3 as the center, which reduced from 28% in 1992 to 13% in 2007. The overall vegetation coverage was developing towards the bad direction.

关 键 词：生态水文地质 地下水流动系统 地面沉降 煤矿 鄂尔多斯 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]