原油微生物群落构成及降解菌降解特性的研究  

Microbial Diversity of the Crude Oil and Characteristics of a Hydrocarbon-degrading Bacterium

作　　者：王中华[1] 梁静儿[1] 杨建强[2] 周君[1] 李成华[1] 李太武[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海洋学院,宁波315211 [2]国家海洋局北海分局,青岛266033 [3]宁波城市职业技术学院,宁波315100

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2013年第1期178-185,共8页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：浙江省重大科技攻关项目(2006C13089);宁波市科技局资助项目(2008C50027)

摘　　要：为分离得到高效原油降解菌,直接向原油中加入营养物刺激,培养一段时间后原油乳化降解。气相色谱法、红外光谱法和紫外吸收均表明降解菌体系具有较强的降解原油烃的能力。采用细菌16S rDNA通用引物和PCR扩增等方法,构建原油降解菌体系16S rDNA克隆文库,并对所构建的文库进行分析。同时,从降解菌体系中分离得到一株降解菌,鉴定结果表明所分离的细菌为短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)。采用气相色谱技术对降解过程中的原油烃的变化进行分析,结果显示原油烃类组分会随着降解时间的变化而发生变化,降解菌表现出其对烷烃类物质的降解能力。The biodegradation bacterium system was obtained through adding nutrition, and the IR Technology, GC analysis and UV methond were used. The analyse showed high degradation ability for crude oil. The diversity of bacterial communities in crude oil was researched using 16S rDNA library approach. A high efficiency bacterium was obtained from the biodegradation bacterium system, which was identified as Bacillus pumilus by automated cellular fatty acid identification system and phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA sequence. GC analysis showed that the low-carbon chain alkanes and high-carbon-chain alkanes as well as aromatic hydrocarbons can be degraded.

关 键 词：原油 红外光谱 16S RDNA 生物降解 气相色谱 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]