重庆地区中小学生皮肤光分型及防晒行为调查  

Investigation on skin photo-types and sun protection behaviors among students in Chongqing

作　　者：李陈[1] 王宏[1] 邵际晓[1] 文雨田 

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院妇幼保健与儿童少年卫生学教研室,重庆400016 [2]重庆市九龙坡区中小学卫生保健所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2013年第1期81-84,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：2010年中华医学会薇姿研究项目(2010060511)

摘　　要：目的了解重庆地区中小学生皮肤光分型、日晒认知、防晒行为及防晒霜使用的现状,为指导学生正确进行防晒提供理论依据。方法采用定性研究与定量研究相结合的方法。定量研究采用自编"青少年防晒认知与行为调查问卷"对随机抽取的2 194名中小学生进行调查;定性研究采取专题小组讨论和个人深入访谈对4组学生和33名学生、教师、家长、皮肤科医生及化妆品销售人员进行访谈。结果中小学生皮肤光分型主要为Ⅲ型(55.2%)、Ⅳ型(39.2%)。关于防晒措施的选择,女生比男生偏好于使用遮阳伞、涂抹防晒霜、戴太阳镜和遮阳帽。44.7%的学生使用过防晒霜,女生经常使用防晒霜的比例(55.9%)明显高于男生(28.1%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高中生(56.0%)和皮肤敏感者(71.9%)使用防晒霜的比例较高。访谈发现,大多数中小学生能认识到日晒的危害,但认知程度较低;少数人在必要时也未采取防晒措施;家长和皮肤科医生建议通过社会宣传、学校教育、专家讲座正确指导中小学生的防晒行为。结论重庆地区中小学生对过度日晒危害的认知程度较低。家长、教师以及专业医生应全面结合起来,指导中小学生正确进行防晒。Objective To investigate the skin photo-types, knowledge about sunburn, ultraviolet（ UV） protection and the use of sunscreen among primary and middle school students in Chongqing. Methods Quantitative and qualitative methods were used in this study. In quantitative section, 2 194 primary and middle school students were sampled by random and were asked to complete the self-made questionnaires relating to knowledge and behaviors about sun protection among adolescents. In the qualita- tive section, both group interview and in-depth interview were conducted among four groups of students and 33 related persons in- eluding students, teachers, parents, dermatologists and cosmetics sale staff as the interviewees. Results The skin photo-types of the primary and middle school students mainly belonged to type HI （ 55.2% ） and type IV （ 39.2% }. About sun protection meas- ures, girls preferred to sun umbrella, sunscreen, sunglasses and sunbonnet. About 44.7% （980/2 194） of the students had used sunscreen, among whom girls used it more frequently than boys did, the difference was statistically significant I P〈0.01 }. In addi- tion, the percentage of sunscreen users was high in senior high school students and students with sensitive skin. By the interviews, it was found that most of the primary and middle school students knew the dangers of sun exposure with low cognitive level. Only a few took measures to prevent sunlight when necessary; Parents and dermatologists recommended that correct sun protection knowl- edge should be promoted through the social advertisements, school education and expert lectures to the students. Conclusion The cognitive degree of insolation harm is low among primary and middle school students in Chongqing. Therefore, parents, teachers and professionals should cooperate in correct sunlight prevention.

关 键 词：皮肤 日光 皮肤保护 知识 学生 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R179[文化科学—教育技术学]