胆固醇代谢异常与神经系统疾病关系的研究进展  

Research Progress of the Relationship between Cholesterol Metabolism and Nervous System Diseases

作　　者：和欣[1] 郭振宇[1] 孙红梅[1] 陈家旭[1] 王媛媛[1] 张忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学基础医学院,北京100029

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2012年第36期7179-7182,7079,共5页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(30901940);教育部归国留学启动基金;北京中医药大学创新团队项目资助(2011CXTD-07)

摘　　要：胆固醇是一种广泛存在于动物体内的常见小分子脂类物质,是构成细胞膜和血浆脂蛋白的重要成分。其在中枢神经系统内的含量尤为丰富,与神经元突起的产生、发育和形成,星形胶质细胞的增生,神经元的存活,神经的修复重塑以及发育相关的信号通路的传递等活动紧密相关。由于血脑屏障的隔离,脑内胆固醇主要由星形胶质细胞合成,其代谢需要通过转化为可透过血脑屏障的分子才能排出脑外。正常情况下,脑内胆固醇的浓度维持在相对稳定的范围内,对中枢神经系统的生长发育以及正常功能的维持起着至关重要的作用,其代谢异常可以诱多种神经系统疾病,因此以维持脑内胆固醇代谢的稳态为靶标可以为许多神经系统疾病的防治提供新思路。本文综述了脑内胆固醇的合成、代谢以及其与中枢神经系统疾病的相关性。As a common small-molecule lipid,cholesterol is widely present in animals and also an important component of cell membranes and plasma lipoproteins.Cholesterol is rich in the central nervous system and involved in the generation,development and formation of neurite,the hyperplasia of stellate cell,the survivorship of neurons,the restoration and remodeling of nerve,and the signal path＇s transformation related to neural development.Because of the isolation of the blood-brain barrier,brain cholesterol has nothing to do with cholesterol in the blood.Brain cholesterol is mainly synthesized by itself,the metabolism of which must be transformed into other forms and then can be discharged through the blood-brain barrier outside the brain.Brain cholesterol plays a vital role of maintaining the growth and the development and the normal function of the central nervous system.Abnormal cholesterol metabolism can lead to many neurological diseases.Under normal circumstances cholesterol levels in brain are maintained in a relatively stable range.Maintaining brain cholesterol in a steady state can provide new treatments for ideas for many nervous system diseases.This article reviews the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol in brain and the relationship between cholesterol in brain and central nervous system diseases.

关 键 词：胆固醇 神经系统疾病 神经元 代谢 

分 类 号：Q548.1[生物学—生物化学] R74[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]