美国生态中心主义观念的形成及其影响  

The Evolution of Eco-centrism and its Impacts on the Natural Resource Conservation in America

作　　者：付成双[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心,教授天津300071

出　　处：《世界历史》2013年第1期28-40,158,共13页World History

基　　金：南开大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目的阶段性成果;项目编号:NKZXYY1106

摘　　要：在对传统的以"征服自然"为特征的人类中心主义自然观念进行批判的基础上,亨利·梭罗率先提出了其超验主义生态观。缪尔在继承梭罗思想的基础上,提出了具有生态中心主义色彩的自然保护理论,对当时的环境保护运动产生了重要影响。而利奥波德则在对功利主义的保护思想进行批判的基础上,对前两人的观点进行发展和完善,提出了著名的大地伦理学,标志着生态中心主义观念的最终形成。生态中心主义思想对于推动美国人自然观念的变革和资源保护运动的发展发挥了重要的历史作用。On the basis of criticizing the traditional anthropocentrism and its destructive effects on the American environment,Henry Thoreau took the lead in the history of the eco-centrism in forming his transcendental ecological concept.Then,John Muir developed Thoreau's ideas and put forward the theory of environmental preservation,which was in sharp contrast with the popular conservation concept.By systematizing and perfecting the ideas of Thoreau and Muir,Aldo Leopold finally formed his famous Land Ethics,the symbol of the theory of eco-centrism.The eco-centrism theories of Thoreau,Muir and Leopold had played an important role in the evolution of the American's environmental ethics and the development of the natural resource conservation movement.

关 键 词：生态中心主义 自然价值论 大地伦理学 人类中心主义 

分 类 号：B82-058[哲学宗教—伦理学]