沼液堆肥和牛粪堆肥发酵过程中酶活性及理化指标变化的差异  

Differences of enzyme activities and physicochemical indexes in biogas slurry compost and cattle manure compost

作　　者：赵洪颜[1,2] 李杰[1] 刘晶晶[1] 赵野[1] 王小芬[1] 崔宗均[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院/生物质工程中心,北京100193 [2]延边大学农学院,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2013年第2期153-157,共5页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"国家支撑计划项目(2011BAD15B01);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303080)

摘　　要：为评价沼液作为堆肥含氮添加剂的应用效果,开发沼液的处理应用技术,本研究以牛粪树叶堆肥为对照,沼液和树叶混合堆制发酵,探讨其发酵进程中主要酶活性及理化指标的变化。结果表明:沼液堆肥和牛粪堆肥在50℃以上的高温持续35d以上,且沼液堆肥持续50℃以上的高温期比牛粪堆肥缩短了8d。沼液堆肥β-葡萄糖苷酶活性和碱性磷酸单酯酶活性都是随堆肥时间延长呈降低趋势,最低值分别出现在第30天(为25.9U/mL)和第45天(为0.15U/mL),脲酶活性却呈现先升高后降低,第6天时NH3-N达到最高值4.2mg/(g.24h),第45天时NH3-N达到最低值1.02mg/(g.24h);而牛粪堆肥的β-葡萄糖苷酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸单酯酶活性随堆肥时间延长呈先升高后降低趋势,最高值出现在第6天分别是44.2U/mL、2.93mg/(g.24h)和0.72U/mL。沼液堆肥有机质降解旺盛腐熟时间缩短。In order to evaluate potential nitrogen additives effect of composting from biogas slurry and develop the relevant treatment technology,changes of major enzyme actives and physicochemical indexes in biogas slurry and leaf composting were investigated with cattle manure and leaf compost as control. Result showed that the duration of thermophilic phase over 50 ℃ was 35 days for the biogas compost,which was 8 days longer than that of cattle manure compost. In the meantime, the β-glucosidase activity and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity for biogas slurry compost have been reduced all the way,with the Schwellenwert of 25.9 U/mL at day 30 and 0.15 U/mL at day 45. The urease activity for the biogas slurry compost was increased initially with a crest value of NH3-N 4.2 mg/（g · 24 h）at day 6,then decreased with a Schwellenwert of NH3-N 1.02 mg/（g· 24 h）at day 45 . The changes for cattle manure compost were different. Its β-glucosidase activity, alkaline phosphomonoesterase activity and urease activity were enhanced at first with a maximum level at day 6,the crest values were 44.2 U/mL,2.93 mg/（g · 24 h）,0.72 U/mL respectively, then decreased. The process duration for biogas slurry compost maturity were shorter since decomposition of its organic matter were exuberant.

关 键 词：沼液 牛粪 堆肥 酶活性 发酵进程 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]