密闭环境中人体代谢微量污染物的释放行为研究  

Experimental Study on Trace Chemical Contaminant Generation Rates of Human Metabolism in Closed Cabin

作　　者：郭莉华[1] 徐国鑫[1] 何新星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2013年第1期71-76,共6页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天领域预先研究项目(020108)

摘　　要：人体代谢产生的挥发性组分是载人航天器乘员舱内有害气体的重要来源之一,利用气相色谱/质谱联用仪、气相色谱仪、紫外分光光度仪对二十名受试者的人体皮肤挥发物、呼出气以及汗液进行了定性、定量分析,确定了中国式饮食结构的人体自身代谢给密闭环境带来的污染物种类,研究了人体在安静状态、轻度运动状态和中度运动状态三种负荷下代谢产物的释放速率,从而为密闭环境中环境控制和生命保障系统的设计提供科学的设计依据。Trace chemical contaminant generated by human metabolism is a major source of contamination in spacecraft crew module. In this research, types and generation rates of pollutants from human metabolism were determined in the Chinese diets. Expired air, skin gas, and sweat of 20 subjects were analyzed at different exercise states in a simulated module. The exercise states were designed according to the basic activities in the orbit of astronauts. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of contaminants generated by human metabolic were performed with gas chromatography / mass spectrometry, gas chromatography and UV spectrophotometer. Sixteen chemical compounds from metabolic sources were found. As physical load increased, the concentrations of chemical compounds from human skin and expired air increased correspondingly. The species and the offgassing rates of pollutants from human metabolism are different among Chinese, Americans and Russians due to different ethnicity and dietary customs. This research provides data to aid in the design, development and operation of China＇ s long duration space mission.

关 键 词：呼出气 汗液 运动负荷 气相色谱 质谱联用仪 

分 类 号：V524.3[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]