钢轨长实体模型在不同频段的振动及传递特性分析  

Study on Vibration and Transmission Characteristics of Long Solid Rail Models under Different Frequencies

作　　者：孙方遒[1,2] 谷爱军[1] 刘维宁[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院,北京100044 [2]北京九州一轨隔振技术有限公司,北京100070

出　　处：《铁道学报》2013年第2期81-86,共6页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：北京市科委课题(Z101106000410004)

摘　　要：钢轨的振动与噪声问题以及一些钢轨病害是轨道交通中比较重视的问题,认清钢轨在不同频率下的真实振动特性是解决这些问题的关键。本文应用长实体模型研究钢轨在不同频率下的垂、横向振动与传递特性,对比其与钢轨梁模型在钢轨振动特性研究中的差别,给出能够准确表明钢轨振动传递特性的导纳及振型。研究表明:钢轨在小于钢轨共振频率时的振型类似于静弯变形,大于钢轨共振频率时钢轨振动呈现多波振型。随着垂、横向振动频率进一步增加,钢轨截面产生变形。高频时长实体模型能够真实地反映钢轨的实际振动特性,钢轨Euler梁和Timoshenko梁模型适用截面未发生变形前的垂向振动分析,梁模型无法反映钢轨于轨头处横向激励引起的扭转变形,计算结果与实体模型有差别。Rail vibrations rail radiated noises and rail diseases become more and more prominent in rail tran- sit. The key to solve these problems is to identify real vibration characteristics of rails under different frequen- cies. A long solid finite element rail model was established to study rail characteristics of vertical and lateral vi- brations and transmission. Analyzing the differences between the rail beam models and long solid model, the vi- bration mode and admittance of the rails were given,which served to make clear the transmission characteristics of rail vibrations. The research results show as follows：At frequencies lower than the rail resonance frequency, the rail vibration mode is similar to static bend deformation of the rail; at frequencies above the rail resonance frequency, the rail vibration modes show multiple waveforms; along with further raizing of vertical and lateral vibration frequencies, rail cross-sections deform ;at high frequencies, the long solid model is able to reflect the real vibration characteristic of rails; the Euler rail beam model and Timoshenko rail model are applicable to ver tical vibration analysis prior to rail cross-section deformation; the beam models can not reflect torsion deforma- tions caused by lateral loading at the rail head.

关 键 词：钢轨 实体模型 位移导纳 振动传递 频率 

分 类 号：U213.2[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]