植物油脂包膜尿素的氮素释放及其对黑麦草养分吸收利用的影响  

Nitrogen Release of Plant Oil-coated Urea and Its Effects on Nutrient Uptake of Ryegrass(Lolium Perenne L.)

作　　者：杜加银[1] 茹美[1] 田莉[1] 李贺[1] 倪吾钟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养学重点实验室,杭州310058

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2013年第1期102-106,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2013CB127400);国家科技重大研究专项(2008ZX07101-006)

摘　　要：以环境友好的植物油脂为包膜材料制得2种包膜尿素,连续溶出试验以商品包膜尿素(CCU)为对照,测定POU1、POU2的氮素释放状况,盆栽试验设不施肥处理(CK)、不施氮处理(PK)、普通尿素处理(NU)、商品包膜尿素处理(CCU)、自制包膜尿素处理(POU1、POU2),研究新型包膜尿素对多年生黑麦草养分吸收及氮素利用状况的影响。溶出试验结果表明,POU1、POU2的氮素累积溶出量显著低于CCU(P<0.05),且POU2显著低于POU1(P<0.05);在等氮处理条件下,施用POU2处理的黑麦草地上部含氮量明显高于NU处理,甚至达到显著水平(P<0.05),3次刈割后,POU1、POU2处理的黑麦草地上部总干物量和氮、磷、钾总积累量显著高于NU处理(P<0.05)。另外,POU1、POU2处理的黑麦草氮肥表观利用率明显高于NU处理(P<0.05)或CCU处理。植物油脂包膜尿素,尤其是POU2,能改善黑麦草氮素营养状况,增加黑麦草地上部氮、磷、钾的吸收,促进黑麦草生长。说明植物油脂可以作为包膜材料,植物油脂包膜尿素可视为新型缓释尿素。In this paper, two kinds of coated urea（POU1 and POU2） were prepared with plant oil used as environment-friendly film materials. A continuous dissolution test with three replications was carried out to determining nitrogen release of POU1 and POU2, using a commercial coated urea as the control. A pot experiment was conducted with perennial ryegrass （Lolium perenne L. ） for identifying the effects of the newly prepared two coated urea（POU1 and POU2） on nutrient uptake and nitrogen use efficiency. The pot experiment had six treatments such as no fertilizer（CK）, no nitrogen fertilizer（PK）, normal urea（NU）, commercial coated urea（CCU）, POU1 and POU2. The results of the continuous dissolution test showed that the cumulative amounts of released nitrogen of POU1, POU2 were significantly lower than that of CCU（P〈0.05）, and POU2 was significantly lower than that of POUI（P〈0.05）. With the same doses of nitrogen application, shoot nitrogen concentrations of POU2 treatment were higher than these of NU treatment, the difference was significant in some cases（P〈0.05）. After three harvest, the total biomass and the amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium accumulated in shoots of POU1 and POU2 treatments were significantly larger than these of NU treatment（P〈0.05）. It was also obtained that the apparent nitrogen use efficiency of POU1 and POU2 treatments were significantly higher than that of NU treatment （P〈0. 05） or CCU treatment. Plant oil-coated urea, especially POU2, could improve nitrogen status of ryegrass plant, increase nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake in shoots, and promote plant growth. It is concluded plant oil can be used as a coating material, and the plant oil-coated urea is regarded as a new slow release urea.

关 键 词：包膜尿素 植物油脂 多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L ) 氮素释放 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S158.3[农业科学—土壤学] S143.15[农业科学—农业基础科学]