城市景观格局演变的生态环境效应研究进展  

Eco-environmental effects of urban landscape pattern changes: progresses,problems,and perspectives

作　　者：陈利顶[1] 孙然好[1] 刘海莲 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]北京市永定河管理处,北京100165

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第4期1042-1050,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41230633);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2008-1-02)

摘　　要：快速城市化过程剧烈影响着下垫面变化,直接带来了交通拥挤、资源短缺、环境污染、生态恶化等诸多问题,所有这些问题的出现均与景观格局演变密切相关,研究城市景观格局演变及其生态环境效应正在成为全社会关注的热点。系统总结了城市化过程对景观格局演变的影响,分析了城市景观格局演变的热环境效应、水环境效应、生态服务效应,以及城市生态用地与生态安全格局设计等方面的研究进展。指出了目前城市景观演变与生态环境效应研究中存在的问题与不足:(1)现有研究侧重于景观格局演变的量化分析和景观格局指数的计算,较少关注景观格局演变对生态环境及其区域生态安全的影响;(2)城市景观格局演变与热岛效应研究多局限于两者数理统计关系的分析,对于城市热环境形成的机理缺乏深入研究;(3)城市景观格局演变与大气环境效应方面更多研究关注绿地及其空间布局在吸收和降解大气污染物、固体颗粒物方面的作用,对城市景观格局演变的大气环境综合效应以及大气灰霾效应影响机理重视不够;(4)如何通过合理设置生态用地,有效提高城市生态服务功能和保障城市生态安全,目前仍缺乏深入而又系统的研究。下一步的研究中,需要综合多尺度的景观信息来揭示城市景观的演变机理和环境效应,构建基于城市空间扩展和生态服务效应评价的城市生态空间优化决策模型,探讨城市生态空间优化模式与安全格局。Urbanization refers to a process in which an increasing proportion of an entire population lives in cities and the suburbs of cities.A primary goal of urbanization is to develop a harmonious region between natural landscapes and human habitation.However,urbanized ecosystems and urban human populations are expanding around the world,causing many negative environmental effects,such as traffic jams,resource shortage,environmental pollution,and ecological degradation.Therefore,urban landscape changes and their eco-environmental effects have been received lots of attentions from researchers,managers,and the public.This paper presents a comprehensive review of researches on urban landscape changes and their eco-environmental effects.These eco-environmental effects identified in this study include urban heat island effect,air pollution,water issues,destruction of habitats,ecosystem service changes,and so on.The paper points out problems in current studies of urban landscape patterns：（1） Current studies are mainly implemented on the development and application of quantitative indices to quantify landscape pattern changes,whereas few has focused on the impacts of landscape pattern changes on the regional ecological security;（2） Although more recent efforts have been attempted to study the relationship between urban heat island effect and landscape pattern changes,relatively less results is available to explain the thermal mechanism of urban heat island effects;（3） Most studies focus on the effect of urban green landscape on air pollutant absorption,air particle retard,the comprehensive effects of urban landscape change on atmospheric quality and dust haze effect,are however less studied;（4） Attempts have been made to study urban ecological land uses to improve regional ecological security,but quantitative guidelines in relation to the landscape planning is also needed more integrated efforts among different disciplines.We suggest that more efforts should be implemented on integrating spatial data in mult

关 键 词：城市景观 格局演变 环境效应 热岛效应 生态用地 

分 类 号：Q149[生物学—生态学]