环境变迁视野下的明清时期苏北旱灾研究  

Research on the Drought of Northern Jiangsu Province during the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the View of Environmental Change

作　　者：卢勇[1] 李燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学中国农业历史研究中心,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《中国农史》2013年第1期61-69,共9页Agricultural History of China

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"苏北农业发展与农业灾害史研究"(编号:苏教社政[2010]2号);南京农业大学中央高校基本业务费自主创新重点研究项目"明清时期苏北的农业灾害与防治得失"(编号0201100274)阶段性成果;中国新农村发展研究专项"新农村建设中乡风文明建设研究--以江苏省为例"(编号:XNC2012007)

摘　　要：明清时期的苏北地区自然和社会环境发生剧烈变化,这些变化和本时期频发的旱灾之间有着紧密的联系。一方面,大量的湖泊和河流淤废,土地沙化盐碱化严重,沼泽和滩涂湿地显著增加。这些自然环境的变异导致苏北地区稍旱即灾,而且旱蝗相继,灾情严重。另一方面,由于受到持续灾害的影响,苏北地区的社会环境恶化。乡风民俗颓变,消极宿命,逃荒成风,抗旱精神不足。由此引发的社会经济发展滞后,则使得旱灾降临时的自救和抗灾能力几近于无,频频陷入小旱大灾的尴尬局面。The natural and Ming and Qing dynasties, these c large number of lakes and rivers social environment severely changed in northern Jiangsu province during the hanges closely linked to the frequent drought at that time. On the one hand, a were silt up and abandoned, land desertification and salinization was serious, swamp and beach wetland enlarged significantly. These changes resuhed in Jiangsu province＇s more vulnera- ble to disasters, a slight drought could lead to a disaster, and also made drought and locust came successively. On the other hand, because of the continuous disasters of Jiangsu province, the social environmental deterio- rated. Local custom became negative, villagers were in depression and believed in foreordination. They always fled from the famine-stricken area once the drought came, lack of the spirit of fighting against the drought. Hence the economic development lagged behind and person lost the basic self-help and anti-disaster ability, which brought the trouble of ＂slight drought, destructive damage＂.

关 键 词：明清时期 环境变迁 苏北 旱灾 

分 类 号：S-09[农业科学] K207[历史地理—历史学]