客体隐含操作对儿童与成人视觉选择反应的影响  

Effect of Objects' Components of Potential Actions on Adults and Children in Visual Choice-Reaction Tasks

作　　者：夏琼[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学杭州幼儿师范学院,杭州310012

出　　处：《应用心理学》2012年第3期224-231,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

基　　金：浙江省教育厅科研项目资助(项目编号:Y201017513)

摘　　要：本研究探索客体隐含的操作性信息对儿童与成人在视觉选择反应任务中的影响。采用日常工具图片为视觉刺激,所有刺激均是正立的并且在水平方向上有两个朝向。被试的任务是尽可能快地判断工具的前端或者把手的朝向。实验一的结果表明,当工具把手朝右时,成人对把手朝向的判断要快于对前端朝向的判断;但儿童对这两个任务的反应无显著差别。实验二采用空间Stroop范式,进一步证明儿童在此实验中存在着非常显著的空间Stroop效应,但成人却没有。由此说明对工具的视觉观察自动化地增强了成人的手动操作行为,但这种效应对儿童并不显著。对工具操作功能的内隐再认显著地影响了视觉注意,成人偏向工具的把手,而儿童更偏向工具的前端。工具概念表征的建立与工具操作经验有关。In this study, two experiments were conducted to ex- plore the effect of components of potential action of vi- sually presented objects on performance of visual choice-reaction tasks in adults and children, using tools of common use as stimuli. In Experiment 1, stimuli were presented at the center of the screen. Participants had to judge as quickly as possible the direction of tools＇ heads or handles in two respective tasks. In Experiment 2, irrelevant spatial location information was introduced by presenting stimuli in the left or fight view space, using a spatial Stroop paradigm. Subjects had also to de- cide the direction of tools＇ heads or handles, regardless of the spatial location of presentation. The results indi- cated that under the condition of visual choice-reaction tasks, viewing tools automatically potentiated adults＇ action,but had little effect on children, suggesting that the implicit recognition of tools＇ motor affordance effec- tively biased visual attention.

关 键 词：隐含操作 视觉选择反应任务 概念表征 操作经验 

分 类 号：B84[哲学宗教—心理学]