金沙江下游梯级开发对长江上游保护区鱼类繁殖的水温影响  

The impact of water temperature during the fish reproduction in the upper Yangtze River due to the cascade development in the lower Jinsha River

作　　者：骆辉煌[1] 李倩[1] 李翀[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院水环境研究所,北京100038 [2]中国长江三峡集团公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报》2012年第4期256-259,266,共5页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2012BAC06B04;2012BAC06B01);中国长江三峡集团公司长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区生态补偿项目(珍稀特有鱼类繁殖生长的关键环境因子综合分析研究);自然科学基金(51009081)

摘　　要：长江上游珍稀、特有鱼类国家级自然保护区位于金沙江下游梯级水库最后一级——向家坝水库下游1.8km至重庆小南海水库库尾间河段。梯级水库运行后,其下泄水温的改变可能会对保护区鱼类的生长、繁殖带来影响。本文采用立面二维水温模型CE-QUAL-W2模拟了金沙江下游梯级水库联合运行后向家坝的下泄水温,并分析了下泄水温变化对保护区鱼类生长、繁殖的影响。研究结果表明:向家坝、溪洛渡两库联合运行时,除黄石爬鮡外,保护区其余有繁殖期记录的34种珍稀、特有鱼类均会受到水温节律变化影响;金沙江下游4个梯级水库同时运行时,保护区内所有鱼类均会受到水温节律变化影响。National nature reserve of rare and endemic fish in the upper Yangtze River ranges from 1.8 ki- lometers downstream of Xiangjiaba Reservoir to Xiaonanhai Reservoir in Chongqing. After the operation of the four-stage cascade reservoirs in the lower Jinsha Rvier, the released flow will cause the change in the natural water temperature in the downstream river, which has a direct influence on fish growth and repro- duction. In this study, the parameters of the CE-QUAL-W2 model were determined and validated by mea- sured water temperature in Ertan Reservoir. Then the model is used to predict the temperature of dis- charged flow of the Xiangjiaba reservoir under two cases： the joint operation of Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu res- ervoirs and the joint operation of all the four reservoirs operation. Based on the results, the influence of the changed water temperature on fish breeding period was analyzed. The results indicated that, within the 35 species of rare and endemic fishes which have the record of temperature requirement in reproduction pe- riod, 34 species are affected under the joint operation of two hydroelectric reservoirs except for Euchiloglan- siskishinouyei, and all 35 species are affected when four reservoirs are operated together.

关 键 词：梯级水库 水温预测 鱼类影响 金沙江 CE-QUAL-W2模型 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]