环塔里木盆地红枣灌溉现状调查研究  

Investigation of Red Jujube Trees Irrigation Status in Tarim Basin

作　　者：洪明[1] 赵经华[1] 靳开颜 马英杰[1] 王磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆林业科学研究院经济林研究所,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2013年第2期66-70,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011Bad29B05);新疆自治区科重大专项(201130103-3);新疆水利水电工程重点学科基金资助项目(XJZDXK-2002-10-05);2011年自治区财政林业科技专项资金项目

摘　　要：以新疆主要特色林果之一的红枣为研究对象,分别在新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、和田地区、阿克苏地区,以农户为单位进行红枣灌溉现状调查,结果表明:①调查区域红枣种植总面积3.16×105 hm2,占全疆红枣总种植面积的90.40%;②红枣栽培模式大致可分为直播建园单作模式、栽植前期间作后期单作模式和栽植间作模式三类;③红枣的灌溉仍然以漫灌和畦灌为主,沟灌、滴灌和涌泉灌技术在逐渐发展;④红枣在地面灌条件下灌水定额1200～2250m3/hm2左右,灌水次数5～10次,微灌条件下灌水定额150～675m3/hm2左右,灌水次数10～23次;⑤红枣树在不同灌溉方式下单方水的产量从0.14kg/m3到1kg/m3不等,通过科学管理,在不同灌溉方式下红枣均能高产。Red jujube, which is one of the local special forest fruits, is chosen as the research object in this investigation. The investi- gation of red jujube trees irrigation status is carried out on a household basis in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, HeTian region and Aksu region. The results indicate that： （1） the total planting area of red jujube trees in investigation region is 3. 16×10^5 hm^2 , which is 90. 40% of the total planting area in XinJiang; （2）there are three cultivation patterns, including constructing orchard under direct seeding and monoculture condition, planting in monoeulture in prophase and intercropping in the late, planting under intercropping condition; （3）the flooding and border irrigation are main irrigation methods for red jujube trees, while furrow irrigation, drip irrigation and bubble irrigation are developing gradually; （4） the irrigation quota of red jujube trees is 1 200-2 250 mS/hm2 and 5-10 times every year under surface irrigation condition, while 150-675 ms/hm2 and 10-23 times every year under micro-irriga- tion condition irrigation; （5）the irrigation water use efficiency of red jujube tree changes from 0. 14kg/m3 to 1.0 kg/ms under differ- ent irrigation conditions. High yield of red jujube trees can be gained under different irrigation conditions through scientific management.

关 键 词：塔里木盆地 红枣 灌溉现状 调查 

分 类 号：S753.53[农业科学—森林经理学]