低温和高温对仓储绿豆象的防治效果  

Effect of Low and High Temperatures on Controlling Azuki Bean Beetle (Callosobruchus chinensis L.,Coleoptera:Bruchidae) in Storage

作　　者：仲建锋[1] 万正煌[1] 李莉[1] 陈宏伟[1] 伍广洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/粮食作物种质创新与遗传改良湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2013年第1期54-59,共6页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金(CARS-09);湖北省农科院青年科学基金(2011NKYJJ03);湖北省重点基金项目(2010CB01101);湖北省农业科技创新中心项目(2007-620-001-03);湖北省科技基础条件平台项目(2010-001-002)

摘　　要：【目的】确定绿豆象最耐受低温或高温的发育阶段,得到不同温度下完全防控该虫所需时间,为防治仓储绿豆象提供理论基础。【方法】在-5和40℃下,分别对绿豆象卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫进行处理,确定最耐受低温或者高温的虫态。在此基础上,对低温(-5、-10、-20℃)以及高温(40、45、50℃)下最耐受虫态做进一步的生物测定,从而得到完全防控绿豆象的时间。【结果】绿豆象幼虫和蛹耐寒能力较强,卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在-5℃的LT50分别是12.57、24.93、30.54和15.76 h。绿豆象蛹耐热能力较强,卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫在40℃时的LT50分别是4.29、17.76、22.33和14.50 h。绿豆象的蛹在低温-5、-10和-20℃下的LT50分别是30.54、6.50和0.96 h,LT99分别是189.70、33.81和2.90 h。在高温40、45和50℃下的LT50分别是22.33、3.64和0.85 h,LT99分别是169.43、17.77和3.71 h。【结论】绿豆象各虫态耐低温和耐高温的能力均为蛹较强,据此得到处于不同温度下完全控制绿豆象危害所需时间。因此,利用低温或高温防控仓储绿豆象是可行的。[Objective] The objective of this study is to identify the most tolerant stage of azuki bean beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. （Coleoptera： Bruchidae） to low and high temperatures, and obtain different temperature-exposure time to kill the various stages of the insect in storage. And to provide a theoretic foundation for popularizing and applying low and high temperatures for the control of C. chinensis. [ Method ] Four development stages were exposed for different times at -5 and 40 ℃ to get the most tolerant stage of C. chinensis for low and high temperatures. Based on the above experimental results, the most cold-tolerant stage was used for consequent bioassays at -5, -10 and - 20℃, and the heat-tolerant stage at 40, 45 and 50℃. [Result] Pupa and larva were more cold tolerant stages, LT50 at -5℃ for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 12.57, 24.93, 30,54 and 15.76 h, respectively. Pupa was relatively more heat tolerant than other three stages, the LTs0 at 40℃ for eggs, larvae, pupae and adults were 4.29, 17.76, 22.33 and 14.50 h, respectively. The LTs0 for pupae were 30.54, 6.50 and 0.96 h at -5, -10 and -20℃, respectively. The LT99 were 189.70, 33.81 and 2.90 h, respectively. The LT50 of pupae at 40, 45, and 50℃ were 22.33, 3.64 and 0.85 h, respectively. The LT99were 169.43, 17.77 and 3.71 h, respectively. [Conclusion] Both cold tolerance and heat tolerance of pupa are higher than other three life stages, and different temperature-exposure times to kill the pupa stage of the insect are obtained. It is feasible to utilize low and high temperatures to control C. chinensis in storage.

关 键 词：粮食储藏 绿豆象 虫害防治 虫态 温度 

分 类 号：S379.5[农业科学—农产品加工]