陕西油菜生态气候适宜性分析与精细化区划  

Analyzing and Zoning of Eco-climate Suitability of Oilseed Rape in Shaanxi Province

作　　者：梁轶[1] 李星敏[2] 周辉[3] 朱延年[2] 颜胜安 

机构地区：[1]陕西省经济作物气象服务台,西安710015 [2]陕西省气象科学研究所,西安710015 [3]陕西省农业遥感信息中心,西安710015

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2013年第1期50-57,共8页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：陕西省"13115"科技创新工程重大科技专项"基于GIS的陕西省精细化农业气候资源区划"(2009ZDKG-08)

摘　　要：利用陕西省96个气象站1981-2010年油菜生长阶段气象资料和地理信息数据,采用GIS技术对油菜进行气候适宜性区划,以期为气候变暖背景下的陕西油菜生产合理规划布局和可持续发展提供科学依据。通过综合分析陕西各地油菜气候适宜性特点和影响油菜产量的关键气象因子,选取1月日最低平均气温、蕾薹期平均气温、生育期平均气温、生育期≥0℃积温和生育期降水量作为陕西油菜生态气候适宜性区划指标,建立各区划指标的小网格推算模式,应用GIS技术推算出陕西无测站区域100m×100m网格点上的气候要素值,采用综合评判的方法得到陕西油菜精细化气候适宜性区划图,并进行分区评述。结果表明,最适宜种植区主要分布在陕南汉江及其支流沿岸海拔600m以下川道、平坝地区,以及关中渭河及其支流沿岸海拔700m以下的平原地区;适宜区主要分布在秦岭北麓海拔850m以下的河谷、浅山丘陵区,秦岭南麓、巴山北麓海拔750m以下的浅山丘陵地带,以及渭河北岸最适区以北海拔800m以下的台塬地区。Based on the meteorological data and geographic information during the growth period of oilseed rape at 96 weather stations from 1981 to 2010 in Shaanxi province, by using GIS technology, authors built the climatic division for oilseed rape in order to provide scientific basis for sustainable development. Firstly, through the comprehensive analysis of climate suitability characteristics and key influential climate factor on oilseed rape yield, some factors such as mean daily minimum air temperature in January, air temperature at stem elongation period, air temperature at whole growth period, i〉 0~C accumulative temperature at whole growth period, and precipitation during the whole growth period were selected as the climatic regionalization indices. Next, small grid reckon model was established to calculate the spatial distribution without station in Shaanxi province of each regionalization index values of lOOm ~ lOOm grid node. Thus, the distribution graph of the eeo-climate suitable planting areas of oilseed rape was formed by using comprehensive evaluation method. The results indicated that the most suitable regions for oilseed rape plant distributed around fiat and dam areas below 600m along Hanjiang river and its tributaries in southern Shaanxi, and the plain areas below 700m along Weihe river and its tributaries in central Shaanxi. The suitable regions were the surroundings, including valley and shallow mountain areas below 850m in the northern piedmont of Qinling, hilly country area below 750m in the southern hillside of Qinling and northern foot of Bashan mountain, and loess tableland area below 800m at the northern bank of Weihe river.

关 键 词：油菜 生态气候 适宜性 GIS 区划 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]