无催化多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯的合成和优化  

No catalytic synthesis and optimization of polyunsaturated fatty acids glyceride

作　　者：何寿林[1] 徐玮[1] 辛高峰[1] 孙成[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学湖北省新型反应器与绿色化学工艺重点实验室,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2013年第2期42-47,共6页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

摘　　要：针对传统工艺合成多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯存在溶剂残留、后续处理复杂、环境污染严重的问题,提出无催化、无溶剂、减压的条件下直接用多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)与甘油脱水合成多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯的绿色工艺.通过薄层色谱(TLC)、红外光谱(IR)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)等手段表征了产物的组成.以多不饱和脂肪酸转化率为指标,探讨反应温度、反应时间、醇酸比(摩尔比)对多不饱和脂肪酸转化率的影响.实验数据采用Fortran程序进行分析,拟合回归方程,对实验条件进行优化.结果表明:无催化、无溶剂、减压工艺合成的多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯主要是由多不饱和脂肪酸为碳链的甘一酯、甘二酯和甘三酯组成.通过二次回归正交试验研究得出,多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯合成的最优工艺条件为:温度为194.28℃,时间5h,醇酸比0.94,其转化率为93.06%.回归方程得出的回归值与实验值的平均相对误差为3.62%,证实了利用二次回归正交实验设计求得的数学模型的可靠性.The green technology of directly synthesising polyunsaturated fatty acid ester with polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFA） and glycerin dehydration at the conditions of non-catalyzed, solvent-free and decompressing operation was developed according to the traditional synthesis technology disadvantage such as solvent residue, the complex follow-up processing and serious environmental pollution. The product component was characterized by the thin layer chromatography （TLC）, infrared spectrum（IR） and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） in the experiment. The effect of the conversion rate of PUFA was discussed at various reaction conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time and glycerol/fatty acid ratio, with the conversion rate of PUFA as index. The experimental data were analyzed by Fortran program to obtain regression equation and the experimental eondi-tions were optimized. The results show that the main components are monostearin, diacylglycerol and triacylgl-ycerol at the the conditions of non-catalyzed, solvent-free and decompressing operation. The optimal process conditions are as fellow： The reaction temperature is 194.28 ℃, the reaction time is 5h and the glycerol/fatty acid ratio is 0.94. In this condition, the conversion rate of PUFA reaches to 93.06%. The average relative error is 3. 62% from the comparison of the regression value and experimental value, which indicates that the mathematical model gotten from quadratic regression experimental design is reliability.

关 键 词：多不饱和脂肪酸 多不饱和脂肪酸甘油酯 合成 优化 

分 类 号：TQ202[化学工程—有机化工]