多溴联苯醚、六溴环十二烷和得克隆的生物差异性富集及其机理研究进展  

Species-specific bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hexabromocyclododecan and dechlorane plus in biota: A review

作　　者：罗孝俊[1] 吴江平[1] 陈社军[1] 麦碧娴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,有机地球化学国家重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《中国科学：化学》2013年第3期291-304,共14页SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(973计划;2009CB4216604);国家自然科学基金项目(41273118)的资金支持

摘　　要：多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)、六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)和得克隆(DPs)是三类环境中广泛存在的全球性有机污染物,具有持久性、生物蓄积性、远距离迁移和潜在毒性等持久性有机污染物的特点.PBDEs由多种不同溴取代的联苯醚同系物组成;工业品HBCDs和DPs分别由3种(-,-和-HBCD)和2种(syn-DP和anti-DP)异构体组成且立体异构体还存在手性特征.由于不同结构的化合物物理化学性质不同,加上生物栖息环境、暴露来源、对污染物的吸收排泄能力及代谢能力随物种不同而不同,导致这三类化合物在不同物种之间甚至同一物种内部出现同系物差异性富集或立体异构体差异性富集的特点.这种生物差异性富集特征表明这三类卤代阻燃剂的生物富集是一个复杂的、多因素共同作用的结果.本文对现有文献中有关这三类卤系阻燃剂的生物差异性富集特点进行了综述,对造成这种差异的原因进行了总结分析,对目前存在的问题及进一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望.Polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs）, hexabromocyclododecans （HBCDs） and dechlorane plus （DPs） are ubiquitous contaminants that are found in numerous matrices around world. They have been proven to be environmentally persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic to biota, and subject to long-range transport. Technical PBDE mixtures consist of congeners with different bromine content. HBCDs were consisting of three diasteroisomers （α-, β- and γ-HBCD） and these three isomers are chiral and occur as racemates in technical mixtures. Commercially available DP is a mixture of two stereo isomers： syn-DP and anti-DP. Inter- and intra-species differences on bioaccumulation of PBDEs, HBCDs, and DPs were observed in wildlife which could be attributed to species-specific differences in habitat, diet, contaminant metabolism, absorption and execution as well as different physical and chemical properties among different chemicals. The congener-specific accumulation for PBDEs, the diadtereoisomer and enantiomer-specific accumulation for HBCDs, and the isomer-specific accumulation for DPs in biota indicated the bioaccumulation of these three types of contaminants in biota are very complex processes. This review summarizes the species-specific bioaccumulation of PBDEs, HBCDs, and DPs in biota and analyzes the potential causes for this observation. The currently existing problems and needs for further research are also discussed.

关 键 词：多溴联苯醚 六溴环十二烷 得克隆 生物差异性富集 

分 类 号：X13[环境科学与工程—环境科学]