多元文明的历史书写:历史回顾及理论思考  

Historical Writing of Civilizations:Historical Review and Theoretical Thinking

作　　者：刘文明[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院,北京100048

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2013年第3期3-15,共13页History Teaching

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"世界历史进程中多元文明互动与共生研究"(批准号08JZD0037)的成果之一

摘　　要："文明"概念在18世纪下半叶只有单数形式,大约从1819年开始出现复数形式并随后得到广泛运用,以此为基础出现了一些文明史著作。基佐的《欧洲文明史》和巴克尔的《英国文明史》确立了文明史的基本框架,而斯宾格勒的《西方的没落》和汤因比的《历史研究》则开启了多元文明史书写的新探索。在汤因比影响下,出现了威廉·麦克尼尔以文明互动为主题的新世界史,以及杰里.本特利等人在全球化语境下对文明互动史的理论思考。文明史书写的历史演变路径表明,文明互动越来越成为多元文明史中的重要主题。笔者认为,多元文明史的书写首先应以各个文明为主体,把文明互动书写成主体间关系,这样才有可能避免书写中出现各种"中心主义"。The word civilization was used in singular in the second half of 18th century and the first plural use of it appeared in 1819, thereafter some works of history of civilization appeared in Europe. Fran？ois Pierre Guillaume Guizot＇s General History of Civilization in Europe and Henry Thomas Buckle＇s History of Civilization in England established a framework for the history of civilization, Oswald Spengler＇s The Decline of the West and Arnold J. Toynbee＇s A Study of History started a new exploration of historiography of civilizations. William H. McNeill and Jerry H. Bentley em- phasize the inter-civilizational interactions in world history from a global perspective, and interac- tion is becoming a main theme of civilizational histories. We should treat with civilizations as dif- ferent subject in the writing of history of civilizations and the inter-civilizational interaction should be studied as a relationship of subjects, so that Euro-centrism or other culture-centrism will be avoided in the historiography of civilizations.

关 键 词：多元文明史 书写 互动 主体性 

分 类 号：K107[历史地理—历史学]