黄土高原沟壑区宅基地复垦土壤酶动力学研究  

Enzyme kinetics characteristics of soil in the reclaimed homestead land on Loess Plateau

作　　者：孔龙[1,2] 谭向平[1] 和文祥[1] 王旭东[1] 郝明德[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第2期123-129,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KSCX-YW-09-07);西北农林科技大学"青年学术骨干人才支持计划"项目;农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室联合资助项目

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同培肥措施对宅基地复垦土壤酶动力学特征的影响,探讨适宜农村闲置宅基地复垦的培肥模式。【方法】在位于黄土高原沟壑区的长武县,采用田间试验,设置不施肥以及施用化肥、有机复合肥、有机复合肥+菌肥、有机肥、有机肥+菌肥共6个处理,分析不同培肥措施下复垦土壤转化酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的动力学参数(米氏常数(Km)、最大反应速度(Vmax)和Vmax/Km)的变化特征。【结果】复垦培肥后,化肥处理降低了土壤脲酶Vmax及磷酸酶的Vmax、Vmax/Km值,有机复合肥处理降低了土壤脲酶的Vmax/Km值,有机复合肥+菌肥处理降低了土壤脲酶及磷酸酶的Vmax、Vmax/Km值,有机肥+菌肥和有机肥处理均较大幅度地提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、转化酶的Vmax、Vmax/Km值。相关性分析和主成分分析表明,转化酶Vmax,脲酶Km、Vmax和磷酸酶Vmax可用于评价土壤肥力水平的高低。【结论】有机肥单施或与菌肥配施是黄土高原沟壑区宅基地复垦较为适宜的培肥方式。[Objective] The objective of this study was to clarify kinetics characteristics of land soil enzyme affected by different fertilizing measures,and develop the reclamation fertilization system. [Method] The field experiments with 6 fertilizing treatments （no fertilizer, fertilizer, compound fertilizer, compound fertilizer＋ bacterial manure, organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer＋ bacterial manure） were conducted to study the kinetics characteristics （Km ,Vmax and Vmax/Km）of soil invertase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase in the Changwu County,Shaanxi Province. [Result] Compared with the initial soil samples,chemical fertilizer reduced V of soil urease and Vmax and Vmax/Km of phosphatase and compound fertilizer reduced Vmax/Km of urease. Compound fertilizer combined with bacterial manure reduced V and Vmax/Km of urease as well as V and Vmax/Km of phosphatase, while organic fertilizer combined with bacterial manure and organic fertilizer increased Vmax and Vmma/Km of invertase, urease and phosphatase. Correlation and principal component analysis showed that V of invertase,Km and Vmax of urease,Vmax of phosphatase were important factors for evaluation of soil fertility. [Conclusion] The research showed that single organic fertilizer or combined with bacterial manure was a rational fertilization to improve fertility of the homestead land soil on Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：土壤酶 动力学特征 宅基地 复垦 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]