4～6岁儿童元记忆监测判断的发展  

The Developmental Trends in 4 to 6 Year-old Children's Metamemory Monitoring

作　　者：姜英杰[1] 严燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育科学学院,长春130024

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第2期406-410,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究规划基金项目(12YJA90008);吉林省哲学社会科学规划(教育类)项目(2011B069);吉林省教育科学规划项目(ZC11012)的资助

摘　　要：采用不同难度图对为记忆任务,考察了4～6岁儿童学习难易判断(EOL),学习判断(JOL)和提取自信心判断(JOC)的发展特点。结果表明:三种元记忆监测水平随年龄增长均不断提高,任务难度不同三种元记忆监测发展水平不同,对低难度任务的元记忆监测显著好于高难度任务;三种元记忆监测在低难度任务下没有发展速度差异,高难度任务下4～5岁时回溯性监测(JOC)发展较快,5～6岁前瞻性监测(EOL、JOL)发展加速;有效元记忆监测存在任务难度差异和年龄差异。This study explored the developmental tendency of young children＇s （4 to 6 years old） metamemory monitoring （ EOL/JOL/ JOC）, including the effect of age differences on the developmental speed and the metamemory efficiency. A total of 91 children were randomly selected to participate. Items were 20 pairs of pictures, in which half were antonymous picture pairs, and the remaining half were unrelated picture pairs. Two of 10 pairs were used for practice. The remaining 8 pairs were randomly displayed by the computer for 3 seconds each, with an interval of 2 s. Before studying, participants were asked to make an aggregate EOL by responding to a question. Following the EOL, participants studied 8 pairs only once and made their JOL for 8 pairs by respon- ding to a question followed by a cued - recall test. The experimenter instructed them to make an aggregate judgment of confidence. A MANOVA, age （3） x item difficulty （2： easy vs. hard）, was carried out. The results showed that an overall main effect was signifi- cant, Wilks＇A = . 91, p 〈 . 05, for age, Wilks＇A = . 72, p 〈 . 05, for item difficulty and Wilks＇λ = . 93, p = . 58, for the interac- tion. The interaction of age and item diffieuhy was significant on JOC and we conducted a simple effect, the main effect of age was sig- nificant when the task was difficuh, M = 1.44, SD = 1.46, for4-year-old, M = .65, SD = .71, for5-year-old, andM = . 46, SD = . 61, for 6 -year- old. Secondly, the slope of development curve was computed to examine the differences in developmen- tal rate （EOL/JOL/JOC）. When the task was difficult the magnitude of slope was as follows ： k JOC = . 79, k EOL = . 06, k JOL = .40, for the age of 4 -5, and k EOL = .71, k JOL = .54, k JOC =. 19, for the age of 5 -6. Finally, a paired t -test was used to compare the difference between the predicted recall and the actual recall. Under the easy task condition, the difference were signifi- cant, tEOL （30） = -5.38, p 〈 .001; tJOL（30） = -4.01 ,p〈 .001; tJOC（

关 键 词：元记忆监测 任务难易判断 学习程度判断 提取自信心判断 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]