空间能力测验及其研究应用  

Spatial Ability Tests and Their Applications

作　　者：鞠成婷[1] 游旭群[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第2期463-468,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与中国民航局联合资助项目(61079004)的资助

摘　　要：空间能力所表现出的个体差异一直是空间能力研究中的热点问题,在研究中所使用的测验也多种多样。二维空间能力测验主要包括标准心理旋转测验及其多种变式;三维空间能力测验则是运用虚拟现实技术针对动态空间定位与位置学习等空间能力开发出的新型测验。这些测验主要用于探讨空间能力个体差异的影响因素。本文在介绍测验的同时总结了空间能力个体差异研究的结果并提出展望。Individual differences of spatial ability have attracted great attention from researchers in the spatial ability field. Previously, researchers concentrated their efforts on age, gender and strategies used in spatial tasks to explain the individual differences showed in the spatial ability tests. There is a trend of transition from 2D to 3D in the development of spatial ability tests. As atraditional 2D test of spatial ability, the Mental Rotate Test （MRT） has been revised to explore the individual differences. MRT 0 -4 and paired MRT are revised first to con- trol the different risks preference between males and females, and second to find out the effect of different time limitation during tests by two methods. The former uses an implicit way, while the latter uses an explicit way. MRT A/D is revised to test whether the horizontal MRT is better than the vertical MRT and whether males will do better than females in vertical MRT. Based on several researches, we have come to the conclusion that gender differences showed in the mental rotation tasks are constant and not largely dependent on the testing formats. Although the different answering requirements may influence the self - esteem or strategies, males always have the ad- vantage when doing mental rotation tasks. With virtual reality technology, many spatial tests, which are specific to different parts of spatial ability, have also been devised for adults. D ＊ star and SODT - R are two newly developed and widely used spatial orientation ability tests in spatial ability research. They were used to probe the strategy preference. The results have showed that people prefer to maintain the same strategy when tasks are changed from 2D to 3D and they will never switch their original strategies until there is an obvious disadvantage in using them. Com- pared with MRT, VWM and VPT are two 3D virtual spatial tests. They both need participants to combine rotation with orientation to complete the tasks. The results showed that the performance was hampered by age,

关 键 词：空间能力 心理旋转测验 空间能力测验 个体差异 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学]