应用Rasch模型测试和分析儿童入学准备状态  

Use Rasch Model to Test and Analyze Children's School Readiness Status

作　　者：刘昊[1] 刘肖岑[1] 冯晓霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学学前教育学院,北京100048 [2]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《心理科学》2013年第2期484-488,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：奕阳教育研究院青年学者学术研究小额资助项目(QX2011-02)的资助

摘　　要：本研究的目的在于应用Rasch模型编制和分析数学入学准备测验,从而分析Rasch模型的有效性和优势。自编数学入学准备测试,对150名平均年龄为6 6岁的儿童进行测查,应用Rasch模型对题目和评分等级做出修正并分析结果。结果表明修正后的测试具有较好的信效度,较好地拟合了Rasch模型,评分等级设置合理,测试的整体难度相对较低。儿童的Rasch分数和性别无关,但受到年龄、家庭社会经济地位的影响。相对于经典测量理论而言,应用Rasch模型进行入学准备测试的编制和分析具有优势。As an important task of early childhood education, getting every child prepared for school is increasingly emphasized by the government, stake - holders and parents in recent years. In this background, researchers paid more attention to children＇s school-readi- ness. In this line of studies, it is essential to accurately assess children＇s school-readiness status. Using classic testing theory （CTT）, children＇s scores of each item are added together to get a total raw score for each individual. The reliability, validity and discrimination of the test are then analyzed based on these raw scores. This method meets challenges in school-readiness testing. First, the difficulty of the test and the ability of children are dependent on each other so that one cannot gain objective and independent estimates of children ＇s abilities and difficulty of the test as well. Second, school-readiness tests tend to have complex errors due to young children＇s low devel- opmental level and their lack of examination skills. However, it is hard to analyze errors using classic testing theory. Third, classic tes- ting theory takes raw score as equal interval variable while it is merely ordinal variable in essence. The Rasch model, on the other hand, can well solve these problems. The study aims to use the Rasch model in developing and analyzing a math school-readiness to in- vestigate its effectiveness and superiority in school-readiness testing. The study developed a test containing 13 items and used it to test 150 children （mean age = 6.6 years old, 89 males）. Using Rasch Model, the study analyzed the results and examined the reliability of the test and model fitness of each item. The study also investigated the items and their categories, and subsequently modified the orig- inal test. The final version has an individual separation reliability of. 70. All except one item have acceptable model fit indices, i. e. , mean square of both infit and outfit between. 7 to 1.3, and t statistics between -2 to 2. Most items＇diffi

关 键 词：入学准备 RASCH模型 项目反应理论 分部评分模型 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]