错误后减慢理论模型述评  

Critical Review on the Theories of Post-error Slowing

作　　者：王丽君[1] 徐雷[1] 伍姗姗[1] 谭金凤[1] 陈安涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部认知与人格教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2013年第3期418-428,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31170980;81271477);全国博士学位论文作者专项资金资助项目(201107);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-0698)的资助

摘　　要：错误后减慢是指错误后正确反应与正确后正确反应相比反应时显著延长的现象。目前研究者已经发现错误后减慢、错误后正确率提高以及错误后干扰效应减少三种错误调控行为,其中错误后减慢是最稳定的错误后行为表现。早期研究主要从冲突监控理论、激活抑制假说、强化学习理论和失匹配理论等角度解释该现象,近年来,研究者又提出了注意朝向理论和评估适应假说。对于该领域未来的研究可以从错误类型、无意识加工、个体差异、新的分析技术的运用方面考虑,以便全面揭示错误后减慢现象的本质。Post-error slowing （PES） describes the prolonged reaction time （RT） in trials subsequent to an error compared to RTs in trials following correct trials. ~t plenum, ,,~ adjustments, namely post-error slowing, post-error improvement in accuracy and post-error reduction of interference, wherein the post-error slowing is the most stable post-error adjustment behavior. Early accounts aiming to explain the phenomenon mainly include conflict monitoring theory, activation inhibition hypothesis, reinforcement learning theory and mismatch theory. Of note, some recent researches developed orienting account and criterion adjustment hypothesis. Further research should pay more attention to different error types, unconscious error processing, individual differences and new analysis technology application so as to fully uncover the nature of PES.

关 键 词：错误后减慢 PES 冲突监控理论 注意朝向理论 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]