物理实验数据处理中的一些问题的探讨  

Investigation to Some Problems on Data Processing in Teaching of College Physics Experiments

作　　者：彭建[1] 皮伟[1] 师青梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北电力大学,北京102206

出　　处：《大学物理实验》2012年第5期78-80,共3页Physical Experiment of College

摘　　要：针对当前大学物理实验教学中关于数据处理的一些问题进行了探讨。提出了测量值与测量结果这两个词的不同。对于有效数字位数的保留进行了系统性的分析。指出了数据修约中所存在的一些不恰当之处。认为实验教学中宜考虑测量次数对实验结果的影响。简述了置信概率、概率型式、标准不确定度及扩展不确定度等问题的相互联系。Some problems are investigated on data processing in teaching of college physics experiments at present. It is indicated that the meaning of the value of a measurement is different from of the result of a measurement,and they should be clearly defined in the new national measurement document. Re- serve rules involved in effective number of bits are systematically analyzed, and some suggestions are proffered. The inappropriate express is reclaimed on rounding off for numerical values in some experi- ment textbooks. The impact of the number of measurement to the result of an experiment should be definitely described. It is expounded for the interrelation of the confidence level, the type of probability distribution,the standard uncertainty and the expanded uncertainty, and it is suggested that students should know it by teaching process.

关 键 词：物理实验教学 测量 数据处理 不确定度 有效数字 数据修约 自由度 

分 类 号：O434[机械工程—光学工程]