苗圃筑床移植播种精细作业机具生产试验分析  

Production and Experimental Analysis of Fine Nursery Bedding, Transplanting and Sowing Operations

作　　者：吴兆迁[1,2,3] 史延辉 牛晓华[1,2,3] 才丽华[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所,北京100091 [2]国家林业局林业机电工程实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]国家林业局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [4]黑龙江省亚布力林业局亮河苗圃,黑龙江尚志150633

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2013年第3期15-19,共5页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：国家农业科技成果转化资金项目"苗圃机械化精细作业关键技术中试示范"(2010GB24320614)

摘　　要：2MCX-1100型精细筑床机采用土壤颗粒大小分区成形装置,实现了土壤精细作业,为育苗播种和苗木移植作业提供了良好的土壤条件;2ZYZ-18型自行式苗木移植机采用横格式苗木移植新方法,实现了苗木高密度移植作业机械化;2BTR-5型推式播种机采用凸齿式柔性护种排种装置,实现了床作精少量播种作业,彻底解决了长期以来一直无法解决的排种器伤种、伤芽问题。性能和生产试验结果表明:筑床机比旧机型生产率提高60%以上,作业成本减少50%以上;移植机作业成本比人工作业减少20%～30%,生产率是人工定额作业的3倍,优质苗木的产出率提高12%以上;播种机生产率提高了4倍,作业成本减少了2倍,节约种子25%以上。三种机具的作业质量均显著提高,具有较高的经济效益和社会生态效益。2MCX-1100 precision bedding machine adopts a soil particles size partition forming device to realize fine soil operation and provide good soil conditions for seedling breeding, sowing and seedling transplanting operations; 2ZYZ-18 self-propelled seedling transplanting machine adopts a new cross-grid seedling transplanting method, realizing mechanized high-density seedling transplanting operation; 2BTR-5 push type seeder adopts a convex tooth-type seed protecting and metering device, realizing precise bed making and small-amount sowing operation and radically solving the problem with seeders damaging seeds and buds that has remained unsolved for a long time. The performance and production test results show that： the productivity of the bed making machine has improved by over 60% compared with old type machines and the operating cost has reduced by over 50%; the operating cost of the transplanting machine has reduced by 20%-30% , compared with manual operating cost, the productivity is three times that of manual fixed quantity operation, and the yield rate high-quality seedlings has increased by 12%; the productivity of the sowing machine has improved by 4 times, operating cost has reduced by two times, saving more than 25% seeds. The operation quality of the three kinds of machines above has improved substantially, with good economic and social-ecological benefits.

关 键 词：苗圃机械 筑床机 移植机 播种机 

分 类 号：S776.24[农业科学—森林工程]