温室气体清单编制方法研究进展  

The research progress on greenhouse gas inventory methods

作　　者：马翠梅[1,2] 徐华清 苏明山 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心,北京100038

出　　处：《地理科学进展》2013年第3期400-407,共8页Progress in Geography

基　　金：中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(1213006);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC20B00)

摘　　要：温室气体清单反映了温室气体排放和吸收的状况,是制定与衡量应对气候变化政策和措施的基础。虽然联合国规定了国家清单采用生产者责任方法编制,但很多研究认为该方法存在"碳泄漏",容易造成发达国家转移减排责任等问题,并提出了其他清单编制方法。本文对已有的温室气体清单编制方法研究进行了总结,将其归纳为3大类:生产者责任方法、消费者责任方法和生产—消费者共同责任方法,并进一步总结了3大类方法下的多种估算方法;通过图表、数据等方式分析了各类方法的原理、优点及局限性。通过已有的研究分析推断,未来一段时间内生产者责任方法仍将是推荐的国家温室气体清单编制方法。最后展望了我国国家和省级温室气体清单编制研究方向。Greenhouse gas inventory provides emission and absorption data and plays a fundamental role in the establishment and evaluation of the policies and measures in response to climate change. Although United Na- tions Framework Convention on Climate Change has implemented a national Greenhouse Gas inventory method based on producer responsibility, many studies suggest that the method has the problem of ＂carbon leakage＂, namely, letting the developed countries evade the responsibility of reducing carbon emissions, in addition to oth- er issues, and put forward other inventory methods. This paper classifies the current greenhouse gas inventory es- timate methods into three categories, including producer responsibility method, consumer responsibility method and shared responsibility method, and furthermore summarizes multiple methods in the three categories. The principle, advantages and limits of the methods are analyzed by graphs, charts and data. Based on the current analysis, producer responsibility method will still be the recommended national greenhouse gas inventory meth- od in the near future. Lastly, we propose to strengthen the studies of consumer responsibility method and shared responsibility method in China, establish and improve statistical data, and try to develop provincial level green- house gas inventory by consumer responsibility method as a supplement.

关 键 词：碳核算 温室气体清单 生产者责任方法 消费者责任方法 生产—消费者共同责任方法 

分 类 号：X16[环境科学与工程—环境科学]