基于RS与GIS的科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变  

Spatial-temporal Evolution of Aeolian Desertification in the Horqin Sandy Land Based on RS and GIS

作　　者：段翰晨[1,2] 王涛[1] 薛娴[1] 孙家欢[1,2] 杨林海[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2013年第2期470-477,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971162);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB421308)共同资助

摘　　要：以2000年ETM+影像、2005年和2010年TM影像为数据源,在遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术的支持下,通过人机交互解译,对科尔沁沙地的沙漠化土地分布状况及其动态变化进行了分析研究。结果表明:①2000—2010年研究区沙漠化土地总体呈逆转的趋势,且从严重沙漠化土地向轻度沙漠化土地逐级逆转,沙漠化土地总面积从2000年的31 762.11km2减少到2010年的30 198.87km2,净减少量1 563.24km2,减少速率为156.32km2.a-1。从沙漠化类型来看,除轻度沙漠化土地增加外,其他类型沙漠化土地面积均明显下降;②2000—2010年沙漠化土地持续逆转区域主要集中分布在治理强度较大的奈曼旗、库伦旗和扎鲁特旗;③严重沙漠化土地比较稳定,中度和轻度沙漠化土地重心空间迁移比较明显,2000—2010年中度沙漠化土地重心向西北方向移动23.65km,轻度沙漠化土地重心向南移动19.31km。Using ETM＋ images in 2000, TM images in 2005 and 2010 as the data source, adopting the human-ma- chine interactive interpretation method, we explored the distribution of aeolian desertified lands and their dynamic changes in the Horqin Sandy Land based on the technologies of remote sensing and geographic information system. Results showed that： （1） Aeolian desertified land in the Horqin Sandy Land represented reversion trend from extremely severe desertified land to slightly desertified land step by step during 2000--2010. The total area of aeolian desertified land decreased from 31 762.11 kmz in 2000 to 30 198.87 km2 in 2010. The net reduction was 1 563.24 km2, and the average reduction rate was 156.32 km2 .a-1. Viewed from the desertification types, all kinds of aeolian desertified land decreased obviously except the slightly desertified land. （2） The successive reversion regions of the aeolian desertified land were mainly distributed in Naiman Banner, Kulun Banner and Jarud Banner with great governance intensities. （3） The centroid of extremely severe aeolian desertified land was stable relatively. On the contrary, the centroids of moderately and slightly desertified lands moved obviously. The centroid of moderately desertified land migrated toward the northwest by 23.65 km, and the slightly desertified land migrated toward the south by 19.31 km.

关 键 词：科尔沁沙地 沙漠化 时空演变 逆转 重心迁移 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]