我国文化遗产体系的生成养育制度——以三个文化遗产地为例  

Three Cases of the Growing System of China's Cultural Heritage

作　　者：彭兆荣[1] 李春霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学人类学研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]四川大学文学与新闻学院,四川成都610064

出　　处：《厦门大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第2期1-11,共11页Journal of Xiamen University(A Bimonthly for Studies in Arts & Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"中国非物质文化遗产体系探索研究"(11&ZD123)

摘　　要：任何一个文化遗产除了其生成的历史逻辑外,还需要一个养育制度的保障性作用。我国的文化遗产存在着一个独特的体系,其中生成养育制度构成了体系中重要的存续和表现形式。以观星台为核心的嵩山历史建筑群是政治建构,它创造承乎"天命"的世俗权力(政权、神权)象征,这是一种以传统文化为基因的生养制度。杜甫草堂是文化建构,它以诗圣冠名为凝聚力,构筑凭吊抒怀平台,这是一种以"名"张"实"的累递性生成养育制度。大足石刻则是宗教建构,宗教场所的建设和维护依靠供养人(施主)的财力支持,这是一种造像修斋的技艺专属性供养人制度。这三种生成养育制度的支撑都不是社会的单一阶层或群体,许多阶层或群体都加入到了文化"遗产化过程"。我国文化遗产的生养方式和制度为文化遗产的存续和发展提供独特、有效的制度保障,集中国智慧、中国知识、中国经验、中国技艺于一体。Any cultural heritage needs the insurance of growing system besides its historical logic of emergency. The growing system in China＇ s cultural heritage is the key factor to insure the life and expression of heritage system. The Historic Monuments of Song Mountain with its core, the Astronomical observatory, was based on the political idea/of ＂the Centre of the Heaven and the Earth＂and became the symbol of secular power. It was supported mainly by ruling class growing system based on the traditional culture. DU Fu＇ s Residence is another kind which can be described as value accumulated growing system and was supported mainly by literati. The Dazu Rock Carvings are a kind of religious, professional handcraft growing system, which is supported by the donators. So there are many classes or groups involved in the process of heritagization, which shows the special system has contained Chinese wisdoms, knowledge, experiences and skills and guaranteed for sustainabilitv of our cultural heritaze.

关 键 词：遗产体系 生养制度 遗产过程 价值累叠 无形性 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学]