论“据音构形”造字法  

Chinese coinage of "shaping form according to sound"

作　　者：李万福[1] 李蕾[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆第二师范学院文学与传媒系,重庆400067

出　　处：《重庆第二师范学院学报》2013年第2期43-45,61,共4页Journal of Chongqing University of Education

基　　金：重庆市社会科学规划项目汉字系统研究(2010YBWX43)

摘　　要："据意构形"被公认为字的早期来源,但多数表意字从未用于本义,从而属于假借字,给传统造字理论留下无解难题。其实这是"据音构形"所致,即以词音相同为据,取形彼词记录此词,故貌似象形实为假借。理由是:构形多元化使其成为可能;同音词是其独特造字理据;据意构形的局限使其成为不得不使用的造字方法;它比其它造字方法更具普适性和精确性;甲骨文中大量只借表它词的表意字是其证据。The method of 'shaping form according to meaning' is generally recognized as the early origin of Chinese characters,but most ideographic characters are not used as their original meanings and thus belong to the type of phonetic loan characters.This leaves an insoluble problem to the traditional coinage theory and results from 'shaping form according to sound'.These words look like pictographic characters but actually are phonetic loan characters.The main reasons are the following: pluralistic shaping formation makes that possible,homophones are the basis for the unique coinage,the limitation of shaping form according to meaning makes it indispensable,it is more universal and exact than other coinage methods,and lots of ideographic characters in jiaguwen(ancient Chinese characters carved on tortoise shells or animal bones) serve as the proof.

关 键 词：据意构形 据音构形 象形 假借 

分 类 号：H122[语言文字—汉语]