论魏晋六朝文人拟乐府的转型——以《塘上行》的衍变为例  

Discussion on the Transformation of Literati Imitation to Yuefu in Wei Jin and Six Dynasties——In the Development of Tang Shangxing As an Example

作　　者：陈洪[1] 孙晓星[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学文学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2013年第2期32-37,共6页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏省高校社科基地重大项目"汉代文学的文化阐释"(2010JDXM043)成果之一

摘　　要：汉乐府诗多有本事,通常入乐歌诵、付诸表演,歌辞散直率真,是大众娱乐文化的重要部分。魏晋以后,民间乐府衰歇,文人拟作取代市井歌谣占据主导地位。在文人的继承与改造下,乐府诗逐渐脱离古辞的原生意义,转为抒写个人体验与贵族旨趣。例如,在魏晋以来多有拟作的《塘上行》及其衍生系列作品中,八首作品各自代表不同阶段的创作思想与文体风貌,颇能反映文人拟乐府转型的一些特点。具体表现在三个方面:第一,主题内容不断延展,与本事的关联度降低,呈现出从辞咏本题、咏古寄言到拟赋古题、离题再造的变化;第二,创作系统发生转换,先是从曹氏"三祖"的旧曲入新辞切换至曹植的辞不入乐,完成从音乐到文学的过渡,再是大量接受五言徒诗的写作手法,造成两者形态上的趋同,最终使乐府诗性质由入乐歌辞转为文人徒诗;第三,文化格调明显提升,包括作者而身份愈发高贵、体物而意象愈发富丽、竞艺而文辞愈发雕琢,反映出这一时期文人群体的诗美趋向,即风格上由俗到雅,功能上由切合大众娱乐到装点贵族趣味。Yuefu in Han Dynasty usually have prototypes. They used to sing and show. The lyrics were free and simple. This genre was an important part of mass entertainment culture. After Wei Jin Dynasties, Yuefu in folk declined, and literati Imitation occupied the dominance. With the inheritance and transformation of literati, Yuefu poetry gradually went against the original sig- nificance, expressing personal experience and aristocratic interests. For example, in the theme of Tang Shangxing, eight poems separately reflected the poetics advocates and artistic styles in their periods. They can reflect some characteristics of the transfor- mation. It mainly embodied in three aspects. Firstly, the theme was expanding, reducing the association with the prototype. Sec- ondly, the authoring system changed. In the beginning, literati Imitation went into literary system from music system by the writ- ings of Cao. Then the influence of rhetoric made Yuefu completed the transformation to literati poetry. Thirdly, the cultural style had improved significantly, including the female＇s identity was nobler, the images were more luxury and the language was more exquisite. In this period, poetg aesthetic taste is from common to refined. The function is from servicing public performance to decorating noble interest.

关 键 词：文人拟乐府 转型 《塘上行》 

分 类 号：I207[文学—中国文学]