不同有机无机肥配施对双季稻田CH_4排放的影响  

Effect of combined application with organic and inorganic fertilizers on methane emission in double-cropping paddy fields

作　　者：李波[1] 荣湘民[1] 谢桂先[1] 周亮[1] 张宇[1] 易珍玉[1] 王心星[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室//农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室//植物营养湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2013年第2期276-282,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B04);省教育厅课题(11K034)

摘　　要：采用静态箱-气相色谱法对2012年水稻(Oryza sativa)生长期内不同有机无机配施双季稻田CH4排放通量进行观测。结果表明:稻田CH4排放主要集中在持续淹水的苗期和分蘖期,该时段CH4排放量占全生育期排放总量的78%,说明田间水分是影响CH4排放的重要因素。有机无机肥配施均不同程度增加稻田CH4排放量,猪粪+化肥处理(猪粪处理)、猪粪堆肥+化肥处理(堆肥处理)和沼渣沼液+化肥处理(沼渣沼液处理)的全年累积排放量较纯化肥处理分别增加了207.3%(P<0.01)、67.4%和75.7%。新鲜猪粪直接施用可极显著地增加稻田CH4的排放,但猪粪堆肥与沼渣沼液处理和对照相比,并不显著增加稻田CH4排放量;从单位产量的GWP来看,猪粪堆肥处理的单位产量全球增温潜势(GWP)为0.49 kg.kg-1,明显低于猪粪处理,也低于沼渣沼液与无氮处理,与无肥处理几乎相同,是较好的施肥处理,可较好地协调经济效益与环境效益的关系。Methane emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy fields with different combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers were measured by using the static chamber-gas chromatograph technique during rice growth period in 2012. Results showed that methane emitted principally at the seedling and filleting stages of rice in the durative water logging condition, accounting for 78% of the total methane discharge during the whole rice growth period. It indicated that field moisture content was an significant factor affecting methane emission. Treatments with combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase methane discharge to different degrees. Compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, annual methane emission of treatments with ZF（Pig manure and mineral fertilizer）, DF（Pig manure composting and mineral fertilizer）, ZYF（biogas slurry and mineral fertilizer） increased by 207.3%（P〈0.01）, 67.4% and 75.7% respectively. In contrast to CF（chemical fertilizer treatment）, the fresh pig manure application could significantly increased methane emission in paddy fields, while the DF treatment and ZYF treatment were not remarkably increase methane emission.GWP（Global warming potential） of unit yield in DF treatment was 0.49 kg-kg-1, which was obviously lower than ZF, ZYF and non-nitrogen treatments and similar to non-fertilizer treatment, indicating that DF was an optimized fertilizer which could coordinate the relationship between economic benefit and environmental risk.

关 键 词：稻田 CH4 排放量 有机无机肥配施 GWP 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]