论中西方和谐思想之异同  

Discussion on the Difference of Harmony in Ancient West and China

作　　者：秦明[1] 郭燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连大学马克思主义学院,辽宁大连116622

出　　处：《大连大学学报》2013年第1期63-67,共5页Journal of Dalian University

摘　　要：中西方人都看到了"乐"之"和谐",也都以和谐为切入点探讨世界的存在方式,并且都认可"不同"是和谐的前提与基础。然而,毕达哥拉斯专注于用数的和谐解释乐的和谐,符合西方人注重的真理性认识传统;中国古人则更加关注"乐"之"和人心"的功能,体现出其重实用的思维传统。莱布尼茨认为世界是和谐的,但这种和谐是上帝设定的,具有神恩性;中国古人也认为世界是和谐的,但这种和谐不是天定的,而是需要人类努力争取实现的。赫拉克利特认为"不同"是"和谐"的基础,但他强调斗争是实现和谐的手段,甚至认为和谐是斗争中的和谐;中国古人也认为"和谐"的前提是"不同",但他们主张实现和谐的主要方式是协调。在一定意义上,中西方关于和谐思想的不同倾向折射出中西方人所遵循的不同偏好。前者重实用,后者重理论;前者重综合,后者重分析。Both westerners and Chinese noticed the ＂harmony＂in ＂Le＂,explained the existence approach of the world with ＂harmony＂as a cut-point,and agreed that the ＂difference＂is the premise and foundation of the ＂harmony＂.However,Pythagorean focused on using the harmony in numbers to explain the harmony of ＂Le＂,which is accord with the western tradition of truth cognition.Whereas,ancient Chinese would pay more attention to the function of ＂Le＂,which is ＂harmonizing the view of the people＂,so it reflects Chinese traditional way of thinking which stressed the practice.Leibniz held that the world is harmonious,but this kind of harmony is set by God.Ancient Chinese also believed that the world is harmonious,but in their opinion,this kind of harmony depended on man’s efforts rather than on the God.Heraclitus believed the ＂difference＂is the foundation of the ＂harmony＂,but he stressed that the way for realizing the ＂harmony＂ is to fight because the ＂harmony＂exists in the struggle.Ancient Chinese also held that the ＂difference＂ is the presupposition for ＂harmony＂,but their main approach for the ＂harmony＂is coordination.In a certain sense,the different tendency for understanding the ＂harmony＂reflects the different traditions of westerners and Chinese.The former stressed more on the practice,and the later on theory;the former on synthesis,while,the later on analysis.

关 键 词：和谐 “乐” “世界” “不同” 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]