一株产生物表面活性剂低温细菌的筛选与鉴定  

Isolation and identification of a cold-adapted biosurfactant-producing bacterium

作　　者：刘畅[1] 赵伟[1] 李涛[2] 王宏燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2013年第4期1075-1082,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技支撑课题项目(2009BADB3B01);黑龙江省教育厅课题项目(12521020);黑龙江省教育厅新农村建设研究项目"黑龙江省资源循环型农村建设的对策研究"资助

摘　　要：采用血平板培养基及蓝色凝胶平板培养基初筛、排油圈法复筛,从低温环境下自然腐烂秸秆中分离筛选到4株产生物表面活性剂的低温细菌。其中菌株B-17发酵液排油圈达到最大,在5d内可使发酵液的表面张力由75.47mN·m-1降至37.49mN·m-1。通过形态特征、生理生化试验及16SrDNA序列分析,初步鉴定该菌为理研菌属(Petrimonas sp.)。红外光谱分析表明,菌株B-17在代谢过程中能产生糖脂类表面活性物质。该菌发酵液的乳化能力在5d内仍能保持在75%,具有很好的增溶效果。研究表明,初始pH7、盐浓度0.4%、温度20℃时,对菌株B-17生长和产生物表面活性剂最有利。本研究为低温环境下产生物表面活性剂细菌的开发奠定了基础。By using blood agar plate and blue agar plate as the primary screening media, and oil spreading as the re-screening method, 4 strains of cold-adapted biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from the straws under natural decay in low temperature environment. Among the four strains, B-17 had the highest oil displacement activity, which could decrease the surface tension of fermentation broth from 75.47 mN· m-1 to 37.49 mN · m-t within 5 days. Through the analyses of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA se- quence, the strain B-17 was preliminarily identified as Petrimortas sp. The results of FT-IR showed that the biosurfactant produced in the metabolic process of the B-17 was a kind of glyco- lipid. The emulsification activity of the fermentation liquor of the B-17 could maintain at 75% within 5 days, with good solubilizing effect. The optimal culture conditions for the growth of the B-17 and for its producing biosurfactant were initial pH 7, salt concentration 0.4%, and culture temperature 20℃. This study provided a basis for the exploitation of cold-adapted biosurfactant- producing bacteria.

关 键 词：生物表面活性剂 低温细菌分离鉴定 表面张力 乳化 

分 类 号：Q93[生物学—微生物学]