湖南省近50年侵蚀性降雨及降雨侵蚀力特征研究  

STUDY ON CHARACTERISTICS OF EROSIVE RAINFALL AND RAINFALL EROSIVITY FROM 1961 TO 2010 IN HUNAN PROVINCE

作　　者：谢红霞[1,2] 邝美娟[1] 隋兵 李妲[1] 宋迪思[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学东方科技学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]湖南省气象研究所,湖南长沙410007

出　　处：《南阳理工学院学报》2012年第4期108-113,共6页Journal of Nanyang Institute of Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB407203);湖南农业大学东方科技学院科技创新项目(DFCXY201111)

摘　　要：降雨是土壤侵蚀的主要动力,降雨侵蚀力是土壤侵蚀定量评价模型的一个重要因子,利用湖南省21个站点1961～2010年的日降雨量数据,选择基于日降雨数据的降雨侵蚀力模型,分析了近50年湖南省侵蚀性降雨和降雨侵蚀力的特征,结果表明:(1)湖南省侵蚀性降雨年内分布不均匀,主要集中在4～8月,年际变化幅度较大,年最大侵蚀性降雨量和年最小侵蚀性降雨量相差777.6mm;(2)50年内,各站点的侵蚀性降雨发生次数平均为35.99次,4～6月侵蚀性降雨次数占全年的43.6%;(3)湖南省降雨侵蚀力年内分布不均匀,4～8月降雨侵蚀力占全年的73.9%,降雨侵蚀力年际变化较大,年最大降雨侵蚀力和年最小降雨侵蚀力相差6968.6MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)。该结果可为湖南省水土流失治理、水土保持规划提供数据参考。Rainfall is one of the primary dynamics and rainfall erosivity is an important factor of the quantitative model for assessing soil erosion. The characteristics of annual, seasonal and monthly erosive rainfall and rainfall erosivity were analyzed from 1961 to 2010 with the rainfall erosivity model of daily rainfall and the daily rainfall data of 21 stations in Hunan Province. The results were as follows. The distribution of erosive rainfall during the year in Hunan Province was largely different and rainfall mainly occurred from April to August, amounting to 69.7% of total rainfall of the whole year. The differences of inter - annual erosive rainfall were great and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value was 777.6 mm. Average times of erosive rainfall were 35.99 every year occurring mainly in April to July from 1961 to 2010, which accounted for 43.6% of total rainfall of the whole year. Analysis of the rainfall eros- ivity demonstrated that the monthly distribution of rainfall erosivity was variable and mainly concentrated from April to August, amoun- ting to 73.9% of total rainfall of the whole year. The total annual rainfall erosivity varied greatly from year to year. The difference be- tween the maximum value was up to 6968.6 MJ· mm/（ hm2· h · a）. The results of this study can provide data reference for the con- trol of soil erosion and the plan of soil and water conservation.

关 键 词：侵蚀性降雨 降雨侵蚀力 湖南省 

分 类 号：P426.6[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]