立体层析反演方法理论分析与应用测试  

Stereotomography inversion method:theory and application testing

作　　者：倪瑶[1] 杨锴[1] 陈宝书 

机构地区：[1]同济大学海洋地质国家重点实验室,上海200092 [2]中海石油研究中心,北京100027

出　　处：《石油物探》2013年第2期121-130,111,共10页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2011ZX05025-001-03);国家自然科学基金项目(41274117)联合资助

摘　　要：立体层析反演方法是针对传统反射层析数据拾取困难这一问题提出的。该方法重新定义了层析反演的数据分量和模型分量,使得数据的提取不再需要沿着连续的层位进行;除地震波走时之外,炮、检点位置与炮、检点处射线的局部传播方向也被用来约束速度模型,且将模型分量映射到数据分量这一正过程只需要进行初值射线追踪。这些特点都增强了反演的稳定性。根据立体层析反演方法的特点,简化了立体层析反演的数据分量与模型分量,从而减小了反演的规模。考虑到射线扰动理论在射线中心坐标系下实现更简捷,Fréchet导数的计算在该坐标系下进行。通过3个二维理论模型数据反演实验,对简化后的方法进行了测试。实验一在理想无噪声数据中进行,验证了简化后方法的有3效性;实验二在含噪声数据中进行,进一步测试了方法的稳定性以及对噪声的适应能力;实验三以拾取的运动学属性作为反演的数据输入,为下一步将简化方法应用于实际数据反演奠定了基础。Stereotomography is initially proposed to cope with difficulties associated with a highly interpretive picking in traditional reflection tomography.This method redefines data and model components in tomographic inversion,making the procedure of tracking events along continuous reflection layer unnecessary.In addition to two-way traveltime of seismic waves,the source and receiver positions combined with the local propagation directions of rays in source and receiver points are used to constrain the velocity field.Furthermore,the forward modeling can be completed only by a simple initial value ray tracing to map model component to data component.All this features enhance the robustness of inversion process.This paper simplifies data and model components of stereotomography to reduce the scale of inversion calculation.Considering the compact form of ray perturbation theory in ray centered coordinate,Fréchet derivatives of data to model are computed in this coordinate.Three 2D numerical models tests are presented to validate the proposed algorithm.The first one is demonstrated with ideally noisy free data directly calculated with ray tracing,which verified the validity of the presented simplified method.The second test is conducted with noisy data to certify the robustness and the adaptability to noise of the presented inversion processing.The third test adopts the picked kinematic properties as input data of the inversion,which sets the foundation for practical application of the presented method next step.

关 键 词：层析成像 反问题 射线理论 宏观速度模型 反射地震 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]