微小断层野外地质调查及作用初探  

Outdoor Geology Investigation on Micro-fault and Its Function

作　　者：杨满平[1] 王正茂 

机构地区：[1]燕山大学,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]中油天然气股份有限公司,北京100011

出　　处：《特种油气藏》2013年第2期29-33,152,共5页Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"非均质油藏不稳定注水开发机理研究"(50804041)

摘　　要：根据断层断距的大小对断层进行分级,将断距小于2 m的断层定义为微小断距断层,简称微小断层。微小断层的发育程度、分布密度等特征受构造的活动强度、活动时间等作用影响,在油气田勘探开发中,微小断层难以用常规的勘探和地质手段进行有效识别,但通过野外地质剖面和露头可以对微小断层进行详细的观察和研究。在油气成藏过程中微小断层可以作为油气的运移通道,在油气田开发过程中,微小断层对油、气、水的流动起着导流的作用,同时也会导致油井迅速暴性水淹和水井无效注水等开发问题。在地层相对稳定或断层不发育的地区,也可能由于小型的构造运动、沉积成岩作用等形成微小断层。The faults whose fault throw is less than 2m is defined as micro-fault based on the classification from magnitude of fault throw;the characteristics of the growing of micro-fault,distribution density are controlled by the action strength of structure,action time,etc;in oilfield exploration,it’s difficult to identify effectively micro-fault with conventional exploration and geology methods;outdoor geology profile and outcrop can make geologists observe and study carefully micro-fault;micro-fault can play a role of channels for oil & gas migration during reservoir-forming period;during oilfield development,micro-fault can play a role of conduction of oil,gas and water and it can cause some problems,such as sudden water breakthrough in production wells and invalid water injection in water injection wells;in relatively stable formation or poor growing area,micro-fault may be formed by small scale tectonic movement,diagenetic sedimentation.

关 键 词：微小断层 油气田 开发 断距 地质剖面 构造运动 

分 类 号：TE121.1[石油与天然气工程—油气勘探]