连续睡眠剥夺对大鼠认知能力、神经递质及海马结构的影响  

Effects of continuous sleep deprivation on cognition,monoamine neurotransmitters and the structure of hippocampus in rats

作　　者：马双双[1] 齐阳[1] 王莹[1] 徐纪平[1] 蔡东联[1] 黄文[1] 李兆申[1] 

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学附属长海医院野战内科学研究所,上海200433

出　　处：《海军医学杂志》2013年第2期82-85,共4页Journal of Navy Medicine

基　　金：军队"十一五"医药卫生科研基金重点课题(08Z022)

摘　　要：目的探讨连续72 h睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation,SD)对大鼠认知能力、脑干中单胺类递质及海马结构的影响。方法将12只大鼠按数字表随机分为正常睡眠对照组和睡眠剥夺组。睡眠剥夺组使用睡眠剥夺箱对大鼠进行睡眠剥夺,连续72 h后,使用Y型电迷宫测定大鼠学习记忆能力,检测大鼠脑干去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、肾上腺素(adrenalin,AD)、多巴胺(dopamine,DA)和5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)神经递质含量,检测海马区N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartic acid,NMDA)受体亚单位NR1/NR2A mRNA和γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)受体GABAARα1 mRNA表达水平,透射电镜观察海马区神经超微结构。结果睡眠剥夺组大鼠迷宫反应正确率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),NE、AD和DA显著低于对照组(P<0.05),5-HT高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组比较,睡眠剥夺组海马的NR1和NR2A mRNA表达量下调(P<0.05),GABAARα1 mRNA表达量上调(P<0.05);电镜发现睡眠剥夺组大鼠海马区神经细胞线粒体高度肿胀,可见明显的脱颗粒、嵴断裂和溶解现象。结论连续睡眠剥夺可致大鼠的学习和记忆能力明显下降,可能与中枢神经递质合成紊乱、海马区神经元结构损伤有关。Objective To investigate the effects of 72-hour continuous sleep deprivation on cognition, monoamine neurotransmitters and the structure of hippocampus in the brain stem of rats. Methods Twelve rats were randomly divided into the normal sleep control group and the sleep deprivation experimental group. A sleep deprivation tank was used to deprive the rats of sleep. After 72-h continuous sleep deprivation, a Y-shape electric maze was used to measure the learning and memory of rats, then, levels of neurotrans- mitters, such as norepinephrine （NE）, adrenalin （AD）, dopamine （DA）, and 5-serotonin （5-HT） were detected in the rat brain- stem, and the expressions of NMDA receptor subunits NR1/NR2A and GABA receptor GABAARo^I in the hippocampus of rats were monitored, and the neuronal ultrastructure of the hippocampus was observed with transmission electron microscopy. Results In Yshaped electric maze, correct response rate for the animals in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of NE, AD and DA for the rats in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group （ P 〈 0.05 ）, while the level of 5-HT was higher than that of the control group （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The levels of NR1 mRNA and NR2A mRNA expressed in the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group, while the expression level of GABAARoL1 mRNA for the experimental group elevated significantly, when a comparison was made with the control group （P 〈 0. 05 ）. In the experimental group, severe swelling, obvious degranulation, cristal lysis and fusion of neuronal mitochondria were marked. Conclusion Continuous sleep deprivation could significantly decrease the learning and memory of rats, which might be related to the central neurotransmitter synthesis disorders and strnctural damage of neurons of hippocampus.

关 键 词：睡眠剥夺 认知能力 神经递质 海马 

分 类 号：R363.1[医药卫生—病理学]