一株原油降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究  

Studies on isolation, identification of crude oil degrading bacteria and its degradation capability

作　　者：信艳娟[1] 刘亚男[1] 吴佩春[1] 曹旭鹏[1] 薛松[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所海洋生物产品工程组,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2013年第4期558-566,共9页Microbiology China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31100092)

摘　　要：【目的】对从大连湾原油污染海域生长的海绵中分离的原油降解菌2-9进行鉴定及降解特性研究。【方法】采用16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析、生理生化指标测定、DNAG+C含量测定、全细胞脂肪酸组成测定、碳源利用实验等多种方法对该菌株进行鉴定,并通过降解实验测定其对原油的降解情况。【结果】菌株2-9鉴定为Nitratireductor basaltis,革兰氏阴性,接触酶和氧化酶阳性。在GenBank中与其16S rRNA基因序列相似度最高的模式株为Nitratireductor basaltis J3T,相似性为99%。可生长的pH范围为6.0 10.0,最适生长pH值为8.0;可生长温度范围为15°C 42°C,最适生长温度为30°C;NaCl浓度生长范围是0 8%(W/V),最适生长盐度为2%。该菌株可以利用多种糖和有机酸的碳源,其DNA G+C含量为57.29 mol%,主要脂肪酸组成为ω7c-十八碳单不饱和脂肪酸(63.61%)、ω8c型环式十九碳饱和脂肪酸(16.97%)、饱和十八碳脂肪酸(4.28%)和十六碳饱和脂肪酸(3.39%)。同时,考察了该菌株对原油的降解效果,在人工海水培养基中,14 d内对原油(初始浓度为1 g/L)的平均降解率为63.5%。【结论】菌株2-9是一株具有开发潜力的原油降解菌。[Objective] To identify and characterize a crude oil degrading bacteria 2-9 isolated from a crude oil contaminated marine sponge from Dalian Bay, China. [Methods] According to the 16S rRNA genes sequences analysis, physiological and biochemical characterizations, DNA G＋C content assaying, determination of cellular fatty acids and testing of carbon sources. Its capability of degrading crude oil was further determined.[Results] The strain 2-9 was identified as Nitratireductor basaltis. Cells are Gram-negative with catalase-positive and oxidase-positive. The similarity between its 16S rRNA gene and that of its most closely related type strain in GenBank Nitratireductor basaltis J3T was 99%. Growth of strain 2-9 occurred with 0-8% （W/V） NaC1 （optimum 2%）; strain 2-9 grew at 15 ℃-42 ~C （optimal 30 ℃） and at pH 6.0-10.0 （optimum pH 8.0）. It metabolized many carbohydrates and organic acids; the G＋C content of its genomic DNA was 57.29 mol%. The major fatty acids were C18：1w7c （63.61%）, C19：0 cyclow8c （16.97%）, C18：0 （4.28%） and C16：0 （3.39%）. When the initial concentration of crude oil was 1 g/L, the strain 2-9 could consume 63.5% of the crude oil in 14 days. [Conclusion] The strain 2-9 was a crude oil degrading bacteria, holding the potential of being applied in the bioremediation of oil spill.

关 键 词：原油 海绵 鉴定 生物降解 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]