大气新粒子生成机制的研究  

Reasearch on the Formation Mechanisms of New Particles in the Atmosphere

作　　者：王志彬 胡敏[1] 吴志军[1] 岳玎利 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境模拟与污染控制国家重点实验室北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《化学学报》2013年第4期519-527,共9页Acta Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(Nos.21025728;20977001;21190052);国家环保公益性行业科研专项(No.201009002)资助~~

摘　　要：大气中新粒子生成机制和增长特性的研究对于理解区域空气污染和全球气候变化具有十分重要的意义.但是现有的研究对于生成机制的认识有限.因此,如何通过外场观测、实验室模拟和模型计算对新粒子的生成机制进行探讨成为大气环境科学界的研究热点和前沿.综述了目前环境大气中新粒子生成机制和增长特性的研究方法,总结了典型大气环境下外场观测的研究结果,阐述了国内外新粒子生成机制研究进展,指出了新粒子生成研究中尚待解决的关键科学和技术问题.New particle formation(NPF) in the atmosphere i.e.nucleation of gas phase precursors and continuing condensational growth is a crucial secondary transformation process.The freshly nucleated particles can grow into sizes where they can act as cloud condensation nuclei(CCN) and further influence cloud and climate-relevant properties.Hence,the detailed knowledge on the formation mechanisms of new particles and their subsequent growth will help us to improve our understanding on the regional air pollution and global climate change.Recent-developed measurement techniques enable to explore atmospheric nucleation by measuring particles/clusters down to 1 nm.NPF events have been observed in a variety of atmospheric environments.Several methods including field observation,laboratory simulations and model calculations are implemented to investigate the nucleation mechanisms and growth properties.Good agreement between particle formation rates and gaseous sulfuric acid concentrations is observed,indicating that sulfuric acid is a key compnent in the atmospheric nucleation process.In addition,the low-volatile organic vapors are found to be involved in new particle formation.However,the huge variations of the particle formation and growth rates in diverse atmospheric environments suggest that a consistent picture on formation mechanisms of new particles does not achieve.Long-term continuous measurements of NPF events have been first performed in the urban atmosphere of Beijing since 2004.Up to now,NPF events have been observed in many different environments,including coastal area,high-elevation mountain,rural site as well as urban region in China.The current nucleation mechanisms are developed based on the observation in clean environment.Hence,whether it could well explain the NPF events occurred in the polluted atmosphere with strong oxidation capacity is a key issue to be addressed in further studies.This paper reviews the measurement techniques for investigating atmospheric new particle formation and growth,summarizes the

关 键 词：新粒子生成 生成机制 增长特性 测量技术 前体物 

分 类 号：X131.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]