部落政治与利比亚民族国家重构  

Tribal Politics and the Nation-State Rebuilding in Libya

作　　者：闫伟[1] 韩志斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2013年第2期115-133,共19页West Asia and Africa

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中东热点问题与联合国研究"(12JJD810009);国家社科基金重大项目"非洲阿拉伯国家通史研究"(10ZD&115);国家社科基金青年项目"利比亚伊斯兰社会主义研究"(11CSS011)的阶段性成果;陕西省教育厅基地重大项目资助

摘　　要：历史上,利比亚在地缘文化上始终处于分裂状态,其社会结构具有部落化的特征。利比亚民族国家构建的核心是国家与部落关系的互动,其进程以政权更替为界大致可以分为3个阶段。伊德里斯王朝时期,利比亚实现了由联邦制向单一制的转变,并以"部落等级制"强化国家权力。卡扎菲上台之后,打破了"部落等级制",构建了一种基于"革命激情"和平均主义的威权主义政治体系。20世纪后期,卡扎菲政权内外交困,被迫回归"部落等级制"。卡扎菲政权未能通过改变政治制度和意识形态实现对于社会变迁的包容,最终引发政治危机。利比亚政治重建启动后,可能形成一种包容不同部落和教派的新制度,实现民族国家构建的突破。Historically, Libya＇ s geo - culture was always disunited, and it＇ s social structure had the character of tribalization. The interaction of state and tribe is the core of nation - state building in Libya, and it＇ s process , with regime changes as the dividing line, can be divided into three phrases. In Idris Dynasty, Libya shif- ted from federalism to unitary system, and strengthened state power by ＂tribal hier- archy＂ . When Gaddafi came into power, he broke the ＂tribal hierarchy＂, and built authoritarianism based on revolutionary fervor and egalitarianism. But, in the late 20th century, the Gaddafi regime beset with difficulties both at home and a- broad, was forced to return to ＂tribal hierarchy＂ . So, the Gaddafi regime failed to achieve the inclusion in social change through changing the political system and ide- ology, which ultimately led to political crisis. A new institution with different tribes and sects may be built in Libyan reconstruction, and it will be a breakthrough in the nation - state building.

关 键 词：部落政治 利比亚 “部落等级制” 第三条道路 

分 类 号：D741.3[政治法律—政治学]