废除还是坚持新经济政策——斯大林同以布哈林、李可夫为首的“右派”的争论  

Dispute between Stalin and Bukharin over abolishing or sticking to the NEP

作　　者：陈爱茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院马克思主义研究院

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2013年第2期71-79,96,共9页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

摘　　要：1927年秋,苏联出现了粮食收购危机。粮食收购危机对国家的政治、经济生活都产生了重大影响,开启了以斯大林为首的联共(布)中央多数派同以布哈林、李可夫为首的"右倾反对派"之间围绕国家发展道路问题展开的争论。在争论过程中,布哈林、李可夫等坚持要继续执行新经济政策,而以斯大林为首的联共(布)中央多数派看到,由于国内外形势发生的变化,继续执行新经济政策会放缓国家的工业化进程,可能导致联共(布)丧失国家领导权,主张通过农业集体化来保证工业化的完成。最后斯大林战胜了布哈林,苏联终止了新经济政策,开始了斯大林模式的社会主义建设时代。斯大林的社会主义建设模式的确立,除了斯大林在党内的特殊地位外,与当时的社会主义理论、当时的特殊经济环境都密不可分。更主要的是布哈林的理论自身存在缺陷,无法解决当时需要解决的迫切问题,难以得到认同。In the fall of 1927,there was a grain purchase crisis.The crisis has profound effect on political and economic life of the Soviet Union.There was the hot dispute over the path of national development among the state leaders.N.Bukharin and Alexei Rykov,the right-wing opposition of the Party,supported to continue the implementation of the New Economic Policy.However,the majority of Central Committee of the All- Union Communist Party(Bolsheviks) led by Stalin asserted that continue to implement NEP will slow down the process of industrialization and may result in the loss of national leadership due to the situation at home and abroad.Stalin advocated completion of the industrialized by the collectivization of agriculture.Stalin defeated Bukharin and terminated NEP.Since then the Soviet Union entered the era of construction of the Stalinist model of socialism.

关 键 词：新经济政策 党内斗争 斯大林模式 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学]