无核白葡萄及其芽变品系的生长结实特性观察  

Observation Characteristics of Growth and Fruiting of White Seedless and Bud-Sport Strains

作　　者：别尔麦提布.依明 廖康[1] 郝庆[2] 严福 刘娟[1] 阿丽亚[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院吐鲁番农业科学研究所,新疆吐鲁番838000 [3]吐鲁番市红柳河园艺场,新疆吐鲁番838002

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第3期440-446,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区科技厅重大专项"新疆特色果树高效安全生产关键技术集成与示范"(201130102);新疆维吾尔自治区财政厅林业科技专项"生态健康果园(葡萄)试点示范";新疆维吾尔自治区果树重点学科

摘　　要：【目的】筛选无核白葡萄优异芽变单株。【方法】以普通无核白葡萄品种为对照,观测其初选芽变株系的枝叶生长、开花结果等生物学特性。【结果】5月上、中旬是新梢生长速度最快的时期,选区4的新梢长度值为83.88 cm比CK长2.41%;叶片叶绿素含量最高的是选区3值为39.50,比CK高6.50%;各选区的叶面积几乎都大于CK,最大的是选区5值67.43 cm2,比CK大16.58%;其次是选区4和选区3;萌芽率最高的是选区3值为72.1%,成枝率最高的是选区5值81.97%,结果枝率最高的是选区4值为53.73%;平均单株产量最大的是选区1值为34.06 kg,比CK高15.61%;其次是选区3值为32.77 kg,比CK高11.24%;再次是选区4值为32.08 kg,比CK高8.89%。【结论】从普通无核白及选芽变区的叶片生长、生长特性、光合指标和结实特性等几个指标分析来看:选区1、选区4、选区5、选区6等几个芽变区可能为优异芽变单株,这几个芽变区的树势强健,萌芽率70%以上,果穗数多,结果枝率47%以上,分别高于对照,选区1、选区3、选区4的平均单株产量高于CK。[ Objective ] The purpose of this project aims to screen the bud - sport of White Seedless grape based on quality evaluation. [ Method ] Ordinary seedless grape varieties were compared and their primaries such as the bud mutant strains of foliage growth, flowering results and other biological characteristics were observed. [ Result ] The early and middle May is the fastest growth period of new shoots. The new shoot length in precinct 4 is 83.88cm, which is 2.41% longer than that of the CK; The chlorophyll content in precinct 3 is the highest （39.50）, 6.50% higher than CK; The leaf area of each precinct is greater than CK, and precinct 5 is the largest （67.43 cm） which is 16.58% larger than that of the CK, followed by precinct 4 and 3 ; The highest germination rate is precinct 3, whose value is 72.1%. The highest twig area is precinct 5 with the value of 81.97%, and the highest rate of fruiting branches is precinct 4 with its value of 53.73% ; The highest average yield per plant is precinct 1, with the value of 34.06 kg, 15.61% higher than that of the CK, followed by precinct 3 with the value of 32.77 kg, higher than CK by 11.24% ; and the next one is precinct 4, whose value is 32.08 kg, 8.89% higher than that of the CK. [ Conclusion] Analysis and comparison with the growth characteristics, photosynthetic content and seed characteristics indicate that several mutant strains in precinct 1, precinct d, precinct 5 and precinct 6 might serve as excellent bud mutation monoclonal plant. The trees in the bud mutation district were robust, their germination rate reached 70% or more, the ear number and the results of branch were above 47%, respectively, higher than the control precinct. The average individual yield of the trees in precinct 1, precinct 3 and precinct 4 was higher than that of the CK.

关 键 词：无核白葡萄 芽变品系 生长结实特性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]