突发水污染事故不同应对措施处置效果模拟  

Effect Analysis of Different Emergency Measures for Accidental Water Pollution

作　　者：陶亚[1] 任华堂[1] 夏建新[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2013年第2期203-213,共11页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：水利部公益项目(200901013);中央民族大学985工程项目(MUC9807-08);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(1112KYZY53)

摘　　要：针对常规水质模型在突发性水污染事故准确模拟中存在的不足,引入污染物在实验室水平内不同处理措施下处理效率的研究成果,并考虑到实际应急中应对措施效果在空间和时间上存在的限制性,提出了有别于常规水质模型中污染物降解系数给定的方法;在河流应急模型中对不同工程措施的应急效果进行了模拟.通过对设定的一起模拟事故进行了定量模拟与讨论,结果表明:在给定的条件下,不同工程措施的应急效果具有明显区别,各措施效果:活性炭吸附>聚合氯化铝絮凝沉淀>引水冲污.同时不同工程措施具有各自的限制因素,因此在当前突发水污染事故的应急实践中,应根据实际情况合理灵活地进行选择或组合应用不同的工程应对措施.The safety of normal social process in river-side cities has been threatened when the problem of accidental water pollutions is getting serious. According to the deficiency of conventional water quality model in research sudden water pollution, the emergency effects of different engineering measures based on the river emergency model has been discussed. Taken into account the limitation of space and time for actual emergency response measures, a new method for water quality model pollutant degradation factor given has been presented which is different from conventional water quality model pollutant degradation factor has been set as a constant. And the research results of different treatment measures for dealing with accidental contaminants in the laboratory level has been introduced in the water quality model. According to a set of model conditions, accidental water pollution has been quantitatively simulated and discussed. The result shows that： in the given conditions, the emergency effect of different engineering measures have obviously difference, each measure effect as follow： the effect of adsorption of activated carbon is better than the effect of flocculation and precipitation of poly aluminum chloride ,which is better than the effect of polluted watercourse flushing. It suggests that different emergency engineering measures or combination of them should be reasonably and agilely chosen and applied for dealing with accidental water pollution according to the actual conditions in the present process of dealing with the accidental water pollution.

关 键 词：突发水污染事故 应急措施 数学模型 降解系数 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]