有机磷农药对微藻的毒性作用研究概述  

The toxic effects of organophosphorus pesticides on microalgae: a review

作　　者：王朝晖[1] 梁菊芳[1] 林朗聪[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学生态学系,广州510632

出　　处：《生态科学》2012年第6期678-682,共5页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAC07B05)

摘　　要：论文就有机磷农药对藻类生长的影响、毒性机理以及对浮游植物群落结构的影响进行综述。相对于水生甲壳类和鱼类,有机磷农药对藻类毒性较低,EC50一般高于1mg/L,对藻类生长的影响大致呈现低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,有机磷农药之间及其与其它化合物之间具有联合毒性作用。有机磷农药对藻细胞酶活性具有一定影响,而对光合作用的影响也是有机磷农药对藻类毒性效应的重要致毒机制。浮游植物对有机磷农药敏感性差异以及施药引起的浮游动物对藻类的选择性摄食,可能会导致水生态系统中浮游植物群落结构的变化。The toxicities and toxicological mechanisms of organophosphorus pesticides to microalgae are reviewed.The effects of organophosphorus pesticides on community structure of phytoplankton are also discussed.The toxicities of organophosphorus to microalgae are relatively lower compared to those to aquatic crustaceans and fish,and the EC50values are generally higher than 1 mg/L.The growth of microalgae is stimulated under low level of pesticides,and inhibited under high pesticide concentrations.Joint toxic effects occur when organophosphorus pesticides are coexisted with the other chemical compounds.Organophosphorus pesticides influence the enzyme activities of algal cells,and the effects on photosynthesis are also an important toxicological mechanism of organophosphorus pesticides to microalgae.The different sensitivity between phytoplankton species and selective grazer of zooplankton to microalgae after application might result in the alteration of phytoplankton community in aquatic ecosystems.

关 键 词：有机磷农药 微藻 毒性 致毒机理 水环境 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]