论证据排除规则的激励功能  

The Incentive Function of Evidence Exclusionary Rules

作　　者：樊传明[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《证据科学》2013年第1期93-103,共11页Evidence Science

摘　　要：从激励功能的视角审视证据排除规则,将这种激励功能分为两个方面。第一个方面着眼于法庭上的事实认定。既然在理性主义传统中发现真相是司法制度的重要目标,那么就应该要求当事人提交"最符合争议事实本身之性质的证据"。作为对英美证据法学者有关最佳证据论辩的总结和反思,戴尔.南希所提出的最佳证据原则理论对某些排除规则具有解释力。尽管这些规则背后可能有多元的政策理由,但同时能够激励诉讼双方提交最佳证据,强化、矫正对抗制本身的激励作用。第二个方面着眼于法庭外的行为,包括审前诉讼阶段中的行为和诉讼外的行为。对于前者,排除规则通过否定行为收益的方式提供反向激励,而对于后者通过降低潜在成本的方式提供正向激励。这体现了对外部政策的保护,激励功能的大小取决于几方面的变量。This paper explores the Exclusionary Rules of Evidence from the perspective of incentive, which can be divided into two different dimensions： the first is about fact-finding in court. Since truth-discovering is fundamentally important in judicial trial under the Rationalist Tradition, both parties should be forced to submit the Best Evidence. As a rethinking of historic scholars＇ debates, Dale Nance＇s theory of Best Evidence Principle provides interpretation to many Exclusionary Rules. These rules impel parties to find and submit best evidence, and function as supplement or adjustment to the Adversary System. The second is about action out of court. Some Exclusionary Rules function as the mechanism of punishment to pre-trial misconducts, and some others as the mechanism of safeguards for beneficial behaviors out of litigation. These rules contribute to promoting External Policies.

关 键 词：排除规则 激励功能 最佳证据 传闻规则 外部政策 

分 类 号：D915.13[政治法律—诉讼法学]