生物菌剂对海上溢油的降解  

Degradation Effect of a Bioagent on Marine Oil Leakage

作　　者：余丽[1,2] 蒋文天[1] 杨旭[1] 孙承林[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大连化学物理研究所,洁净能源国家实验室,大连116023 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2013年第2期330-334,共5页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程领域前沿项目(K2010D02)资助~~

摘　　要："7·16"大连海洋溢油事件发生后,通过定期向污染近海域投放一种菌剂,10个月后油污的平均去除率达到了58.14%.这种有效降解石油的菌剂(记为SN)是将活性菌种负载在沸石载体上,有利于形成生物膜,加速被污染沙石的净化过程.在实验室条件下研究海上清污过程中使用的负载型菌剂SN在海水和淡水环境下对石油的降解效果,发现菌剂SN在海水中的生长量是淡水中的3-4倍,说明菌剂上负载的菌种更适合在海水环境中生长.12 d后海水中石油降解率达到64.22%,而淡水中的石油降解率只有27.68%.通过对沙石表面石油的降解过程进行考察,得知固体菌剂对石油的降解率比液体菌剂高1/3左右,根据液相石油浓度变化推测菌剂SN在对石油的降解过程中可能产生了生物表面活性剂乳化石油.对菌剂SN的主要活性菌种进行分析,从加入菌剂SN的石油降解培养基中筛选出一株优势菌种(记为HS菌),经16S rDNA序列分析鉴定为红平红球菌种(Rhodococcus erythropolis).结果表明,菌剂SN更适合在海水环境中使用,在海洋溢油污染的治理和潮间带被污染沙石的生物修复方面具有广阔的应用前景.A certain bioagent was periodically scattered into the polluted coastal areas after the “7.16” Dalian oil explosion leakage accident. Finally, 58.14% oil removal rate was obtained 10 months later. This effective agent （marked as SN） was made by immobilizing active bacteria on zeolite which was beneficial for the formation of biofilms and could accelerate oil degradation process of the contaminated sand and gravel. Its effect on oil degradation in seawater and freshwater was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The growth of SN in seawater was three to four times that in freshwater, indicating a propensity of marine environment of the bacteria. After 12 days, the oil degradation rate reached 64.22% in seawater while only 27.68% in freshwater. In degradation experiments on oil-polluted sand and gravel with SN, solid bioagent led to one-third higher degradation rate than liquid bioagent. From the variation of oil concentration in liquid, we speculated that biosurfactants were produced during the oil degradation process. The main active bacteria in SN were analyzed and a dominant strain HS was isolated from oil degradation medium with SN. The strain HS was identified as Rhodococcus erythropolis through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The results showed that the bioagent SN had a great potential in treating marine oil spill and bioremediating oil-polluted sand and gravel in the intertidal zone. Fig 8, Tab 1, Ref 21

关 键 词：海洋溢油 生物降解 石油污染 红平红球菌 16S RDNA 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X55