广西乐业县农村小学生营养缺乏病及营养知识调查  

Prevalence of nutritional deficiency diseases and nutrition knowledge among rural primary students in Leye County,Guangxi

作　　者：谢琪[1] 龙华 沈秀华[3] 唐文静[3] 谢立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区南溪山医院营养科,桂林541002 [2]右江医学院附属医院 [3]上海交通大学医学院营养系

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2013年第4期468-470,473,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：世界健康基金会科研项目(AFINS-HOPE-2011-02-B)

摘　　要：目的了解乐业县贫困地区农村小学生营养缺乏病患病情况以及学生和家长对营养相关知识的认知水平,为改善贫困地区学生营养健康状况探索干预策略。方法整群抽取广西乐业县6所小学全部学生共1 116名作为调查对象,对所调查学生进行现场体检、实验室检查、学生问卷调查及学生家庭问卷调查。结果因蛋白质—能量摄入不足,有30.91%的学生生长迟缓,7.89%的学生低体重,4.93%的学生存在明显营养不良;总贫血患病率为9.43%,留守家庭学生(10.10%)高于非留守学生(8.39%);维生素及微量元素缺乏明显,佝偻病样骨改变的有11.74%,总营养缺乏病患病率高达44.62%。学生膳食中荤菜少,几乎没有奶制品,97.70%学生不吃或没有早餐,67.77%学生有偏食、挑食习惯;普遍缺乏营养及相关知识,85.17%学生对自己的健康状况不了解;大多数家长受教育程度低,20.4%的监护家长是文盲;家庭月收入在800元以下的占84.3%,学生伙食开支几乎全部依赖国家和政府资助。结论广西贫困地区农村小学生营养缺乏病严重,营养相关知识普及率较低。应尽快制定学生营养改善对策。Objective To investigate the prevalence of nutritional deficiency diseases among primary students from poor rural areas of Leye County, Guangxi Province, as well as the relevant nutritional knowledge among students and their parents, pro- viding evidence to improve the nutritional and health conditions for children living in poor rural areas. Methods A total of 1 116 students from 6 primary schools in Leye County, Guangxi Province were selected by cluster sampling. All the participants undergo physical examination, blood testing, and questionnaire survey. Results About 30.91% of the students suffered from growth retar- dation, 7.89% suffered underweight, and 4.93% suffered malnutrition. Total incidence of anemia was 9.43%. Incidence rate of nutritional deficiency diseases in students from left behind families （ 10.10% ） were much higher than that of those from non left be- hind families（ 8.39% ）. Many students suffered obvious deficiencies of vitamins and trace elements. About 11.74% of all the par- ticipants had bone changes of rickets. The total incidence of nutritional deficiency diseases was 44.62%. Low meat consumption and almost no milk consumption were reported. About 97.70% students did not eat or did not have breakfast and 67.77% of all the students reported dietary bias and avoid certain foods. There were general lack of nutrition and relevant knowledge. About 85.17% of students did not clear about their health status. Most of their parents have received little education and 20.4% of the guardians were illiterate. The monthly incomes of more than 80% of the students were less than 800 yuan. The food expenditures of the chil- dren were entirely supported by the state and the government. Conclusion The nutritional deficiency diseases of rural students are serious and worrisome. Nutritional improvement strategies should be developed specifically and promptly.

关 键 词：儿童营养障碍 知识 贫血 生长和发育 贫困 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学] R591[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]